Mayes T
Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3095, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 1997 Feb;12(1 Suppl):S43-5. doi: 10.1177/088453369701200114.
In summary, thermal injury elicits numerous pathophysiological aberrations that affect nutritional status. The current recommendation for macronutrient provision postburn supports a high-calorie, protein and carbohydrate regimen and a reduction of the fat provision because of its apparent immunosuppressive properties. Early and continuous enteral feeding in the burn patient promotes optimal conditions for wound healing and immunocompetence. Because of its direct effect on morbidity and mortality, the introduction of early, continuous enteral feedings is recommended as standard therapy after burn injury. Finally, monitors for enteral placement and tolerance should be incorporated into routine care as well as the multidisciplinary Quality Management Program.
总之，热损伤引发众多影响营养状况的病理生理异常。目前对于烧伤后大量营养素供应的建议支持高热量、蛋白质和碳水化合物方案，并减少脂肪供应，因为脂肪具有明显的免疫抑制特性。烧伤患者早期持续肠内喂养可促进伤口愈合和免疫功能的最佳条件。由于其对发病率和死亡率有直接影响，建议将早期持续肠内喂养作为烧伤后的标准治疗方法。最后，应将肠内放置和耐受性监测纳入常规护理以及多学科质量管理计划。
