Sommer R J
Max-Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abt. Zellbiologie, Tübingen, Germany.
Bioessays. 1997 Mar;19(3):225-31. doi: 10.1002/bies.950190308.
To understand how morphological characters change during evolution, we need insight into the evolution of developmental processes. Comparative developmental approaches that make use of our fundamental understanding of development in certain model organisms have been initiated for different animal systems and flowering plants. Nematodes provide a useful experimental system with which to investigate the genetic and molecular alterations underlying evolutionary changes of cell fate specification in development, by comparing different species to the genetic model system Caenorhabditis elegans. In this review, I will first discuss the different types of evolutionary alterations seen at the cellular level by focusing mainly on the analysis of vulva development in different species. The observed alterations involve changes in cell lineage, cell migration and cell death, as well as induction and cell competence. I then describe a genetic approach in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus that might identify those genetic and molecular processes that cause evolutionary changes of cell fate specification.
为了理解形态特征在进化过程中是如何变化的，我们需要深入了解发育过程的进化。利用我们对某些模式生物发育的基本理解的比较发育方法，已经针对不同的动物系统和开花植物展开。通过将不同物种与遗传模式系统秀丽隐杆线虫进行比较，线虫提供了一个有用的实验系统，用于研究发育中细胞命运特化进化变化背后的遗传和分子改变。在这篇综述中，我将首先主要通过关注不同物种外阴发育的分析，来讨论在细胞水平上观察到的不同类型的进化改变。观察到的改变包括细胞谱系、细胞迁移和细胞死亡的变化，以及诱导和细胞感受态。然后我将描述一种在太平洋小杆线虫中的遗传方法，该方法可能会识别出那些导致细胞命运特化进化变化的遗传和分子过程。
