Scanlan L C, Johnston R A
School of Psychology, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1997 Feb;50(1):183-98. doi: 10.1080/027249897392288.
Contemporary models of face recognition explain everyday difficulties in name retrieval by proposing that name information can only be accessed after semantic information (e.g. Bruce & Young, 1986) or by proposing an architecture which puts name retrieval at a disadvantage (e.g. Burton & Bruce, 1992). Experiments reported here examined the time required to access name and semantic details by adult and child subjects. In Experiment 1 adult subjects took more time to match familiar faces to names than to other semantic details (e.g. occupation), a finding consistent with all the previous literature on name retrieval. Experiment 2, however, showed that the youngest subjects were significantly faster in matching familiar faces to names than to semantic details. Experiment 3 also showed that children were faster at accessing names than occupations when giving vocal responses to presentations of familiar faces. These findings are not predicted by rigidly sequential models of face recognition and are discussed with specific reference to the ontogenesis of models based on a more flexible connectionist architecture.
当代人脸识别模型解释了日常在回忆名字时遇到困难的原因，其提出名字信息只有在语义信息之后才能被获取（例如布鲁斯和扬，1986年），或者提出一种使名字检索处于劣势的架构（例如伯顿和布鲁斯，1992年）。此处报告的实验研究了成人和儿童受试者获取名字和语义细节所需的时间。在实验1中，成年受试者将熟悉的面孔与名字匹配比与其他语义细节（例如职业）匹配花费的时间更多，这一发现与之前所有关于名字检索的文献一致。然而，实验2表明，最年幼的受试者将熟悉的面孔与名字匹配比与语义细节匹配的速度明显更快。实验3还表明，当对熟悉面孔的呈现做出语音反应时，儿童获取名字的速度比获取职业的速度更快。这些发现并非严格的顺序人脸识别模型所能预测的，并将结合基于更灵活的联结主义架构的模型的个体发生进行讨论。
