Lambert G, Lambert C C
Dept. of Biol. Sci., Calif. State Univ. Fullerton 92834-6850, USA.
Connect Tissue Res. 1996;34(4):263-9. doi: 10.3109/03008209609005270.
The New Zealand solitary ascidian Pyura pachydermatina (Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Urochordata) is a sessile filter feeder in rocky wave-swept coastal areas. The body is on a long stalk; both are covered by a tough fibrous tunic. Two types of spicules are formed in vascularized areas: "antler-shaped" branched spicules of amorphous calcium carbonate in blood sinuses in the body tissues and "dogbone-shaped" knobbed calcitic spicules in the tunic blood vessels. Both types form extracellularly, contain intraspicular organic components and are covered by an organic matrix coat within an epithelium of sclerocytes. SEM and TEM analysis of the spicules and their formation is included, along with calcein incorporation data used to estimate rate of growth. A comparison with spicules of other ascidians and in selected other organisms is included, with comments on the shared features of biomineralization that these disparate groups exhibit.
新西兰独居海鞘Pyura pachydermatina（脊索动物门，尾索动物亚门）是一种固着性滤食动物，生活在受海浪冲刷的岩石海岸地区。其身体附着在一根长柄上；两者都被一层坚韧的纤维质被囊所覆盖。在血管化区域形成两种类型的骨针：身体组织血窦中由无定形碳酸钙构成的“鹿角形”分支骨针，以及被囊血管中“狗骨形”带瘤的钙质骨针。这两种类型的骨针均在细胞外形成，含有针内有机成分，并在硬骨细胞上皮内被有机基质层覆盖。文中包含了对骨针及其形成过程的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析，以及用于估计生长速率的钙黄绿素掺入数据。还将其与其他海鞘以及选定的其他生物的骨针进行了比较，并对这些不同类群所展现的生物矿化共同特征进行了评论。
