Kalkman H O, Neumann V, Tricklebank M D
Preclinical Research Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1997 Mar;355(3):361-4. doi: 10.1007/pl00004955.
Loxapine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.), olanzapine (10 mg/kg s.c.) and SCH 23390 (R-(+)-chloro-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1-H-3-benzazepine; 1 mg/kg, s.c.), but not clozapine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), induced catalepsy in rats. Co-administration of clozapine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg s.c.) dose-dependently inhibited loxapine-induced catalepsy. Clozapine (10 mg/kg s.c.) also prevented the induction of catalepsy by olanzapine. In addition, clozapine abolished the catalepsy induced by loxapine when it was administered after the response had fully developed. In contrast, the duration of SCH 23390-induced catalepsy was prolonged by clozapine, indicating that its anti-catalepsy effects against olanzapine and loxapine are unlikely to be caused by muscle relaxation, sedation or stimulation. Since SCH 23390-induced catalepsy is reported to be blocked by scopolamine, dizocilpine (MK-801) or 8-hydroxy-dipropylamino-tetralin, it is unlikely that muscarinic blockade, NMDA ion channel blockade and 5-HT1A receptor agonism, respectively, are involved in clozapine's action, but the mechanism by which clozapine exerts this anti-cataleptic effect remains unknown.
洛沙平(0.3毫克/千克,皮下注射)、奥氮平(10毫克/千克,皮下注射)和SCH 23390(R-(+)-氯-2,3,4,5-四氢-3-甲基-5-苯基-1-H-3-苯并氮杂卓;1毫克/千克,皮下注射)可诱导大鼠产生僵住症,但氯氮平(10毫克/千克,皮下注射)则不会。联合给予氯氮平(1、3和10毫克/千克,皮下注射)可剂量依赖性地抑制洛沙平诱导的僵住症。氯氮平(10毫克/千克,皮下注射)也可预防奥氮平诱导的僵住症。此外,当僵住症反应完全出现后给予氯氮平,它可消除洛沙平诱导的僵住症。相比之下,氯氮平可延长SCH 23390诱导的僵住症的持续时间,这表明其对奥氮平和洛沙平的抗僵住症作用不太可能是由肌肉松弛、镇静或刺激引起的。由于据报道东莨菪碱、地佐环平(MK-801)或8-羟基-二丙基氨基-四氢萘可阻断SCH 23390诱导的僵住症,因此氯氮平的作用不太可能分别涉及毒蕈碱阻断、NMDA离子通道阻断和5-HT1A受体激动,但氯氮平发挥这种抗僵住症作用的机制仍不清楚。