Harris J H, Loh C K, Perlman H C, Rotz C T
Radiology. 1977 Nov;125(2):343-50. doi: 10.1148/125.2.343.
Extraperitoneal, perivesical pelvic effusions may be hemorrhagic or uriniferous, the latter resulting from extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder or disruption of the posterior urethra. The effusions may be recognized on anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis by (a) displacement of the bladder (small effusion); (b) obliteration of the normal soft-tissue anatomy within the pelvis (moderate effusion); and (c) upward displacement of the pelvic ileal loops and extension of the effusion into the flank stripes (large effusion). Perivesical effusions most frequently accompany anterior pelvic arch injuries, i.e., double vertical and Malgaigne fractures and fractures involving, or separation of, the pubic symphysis.
腹膜外膀胱周围盆腔积液可能是出血性的或含尿液的，后者是由膀胱腹膜外破裂或后尿道断裂引起的。盆腔前后位X线片上可通过以下表现识别积液：（a）膀胱移位（少量积液）；（b）盆腔内正常软组织解剖结构消失（中等量积液）；（c）盆腔回肠袢向上移位，积液延伸至侧腹条纹（大量积液）。膀胱周围积液最常伴随骨盆前弓损伤，即双侧垂直骨折和马尔盖涅骨折以及涉及耻骨联合或耻骨联合分离的骨折。
