Alpérovitch A, Berr C
INSERM Unité 360, Hôpital de La Salpêtrière, Paris.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996 Oct;180(7):1673-80; discussion 1680-5.
During the last 20 years, numerous case-control or epidemiological studies have examined the environmental and genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. A review of available evidence indicates that smoking and chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs might be associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, this hypothesis is supported by data collected in case-control studies or in prevalence studies and must be confirmed in prospective cohort studies. About ten per cent of Alzheimer's disease cases are characterized by early onset and familial aggregation. Most of these cases have been recently linked to the presemlin 1 gene which is located on chromosome 14; in other families, the disease is associated is a mutation of the beta amyloid precursor gene on chromosome 21. The risk of late-onset sporadic cases depends upon the polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene; allele E4 carriers have a 4-time increased risk.
在过去20年里，大量病例对照研究或流行病学研究探讨了阿尔茨海默病的环境和遗传风险因素。对现有证据的综述表明，吸烟和长期使用抗炎药物可能与阿尔茨海默病风险降低有关。然而，这一假设得到了病例对照研究或患病率研究中收集的数据支持，必须在前瞻性队列研究中得到证实。约10%的阿尔茨海默病病例具有早发和家族聚集性特征。这些病例中的大多数最近与位于14号染色体上的早老素1基因有关；在其他家族中，该病与21号染色体上的β淀粉样前体基因的突变有关。晚发性散发性病例的风险取决于载脂蛋白E基因的多态性；E4等位基因携带者的风险增加4倍。
