Stanisic T H, Babcock J R, Grayhack J T
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1977 Nov;145(5):733-6.
Surgical exploration for a renal mass is a procedure associated with a low mortality and morbidity, even in a population with a median age of 58 years, most of whom were listed according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists as class II or greater. As a consequence, the procedure warrants serious consideration as a diagnostic measure. Nonsurgical diagnostic procedures are associated with less immediate risk to the patient but with less immediate risk to the patient but with more limited accuracy. The decision as to which methods of evaluation to use in each particular patient must be individualized. The general and related symptoms, physical and laboratory findings and the quality and results of roentgenography and puncture studies of the patient warrant consideration in recommending a reasonable course. Whatever procedures are recommended, the patient should be adequately informed to recognize that alternative treatment approaches are available.
对肾肿物进行手术探查是一种死亡率和发病率较低的手术，即使是在中位年龄为58岁的人群中也是如此，其中大多数人根据美国麻醉医师协会的标准被列为II级或更高等级。因此，作为一种诊断措施，该手术值得认真考虑。非手术诊断程序对患者的直接风险较小，但准确性更有限。对于每个特定患者应使用哪种评估方法的决定必须因人而异。在推荐合理的治疗方案时，应考虑患者的一般症状和相关症状、体格检查和实验室检查结果以及X线检查和穿刺检查的质量和结果。无论推荐何种程序，都应充分告知患者，使其认识到还有其他可用的治疗方法。
