Alekseev A F, Chirniĭ V I, Bogatyreva L M, Tovpinets N N, Evstaf'ev I L, Markeshin S Ia, Kovin V V, Evstratov Iu V, Zakharova T F, Galushko V I
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1996 Nov-Dec(6):28-32.
Cases of tularemia were registered in the Crimea both before and after planned immunization. In 1981-1993 in 4.000 localities 35,100 mammals, 27,400 ectoparasites, 8,800 feces left by birds of prey and foxes and 900 environmental specimens were studied. 137 Francisella tularensis strains were isolated. Field mapping of the spread of F.tularensis and places of habitation of small mammals was carried out. The active polyhostal natural focus of tularemia was found to exist on the Kerch Peninsula, less affected by anthropogenic factors, where tularemia morbidity among humans, and tularemia epizootic coincided with the maximum rises in the number of myomorphs. The core of the focus constituted 2.4% of its area and were characterized by the stable complex of Ixodes ticks and the preservation of F. tularensis in the environment. In other regions of the flat part of the Crimea with considerable anthropogenic transformations of the landscape rises in tularemia epizootics and tularemia morbidity in humans were rare. In the mountainous part of the Crimea tularemia epizootics were registered only by the detection of specific antibodies and antigens.
在计划免疫前后，克里米亚均有兔热病病例记录。1981年至1993年期间，对4000个地点的35100只哺乳动物、27400只体外寄生虫、8800份猛禽和狐狸留下的粪便以及900份环境样本进行了研究。分离出137株土拉弗朗西斯菌。开展了土拉弗朗西斯菌传播范围及小型哺乳动物栖息地的实地测绘。发现兔热病的活跃多宿主自然疫源地存在于受人为因素影响较小的刻赤半岛，在那里，人类兔热病发病率和兔热病动物流行病与鼠形亚目的数量最多时相吻合。疫源地的核心区域占其面积的2.4%，其特征是硬蜱的稳定群落以及土拉弗朗西斯菌在环境中的留存。在克里米亚平原部分的其他地区，由于景观受到大量人为改造，兔热病动物流行病和人类兔热病发病率的上升较为罕见。在克里米亚山区，仅通过检测特异性抗体和抗原记录到兔热病动物流行病。
