Ishii K, Kamei S, Takasu T
Former Dept. of Pub. Hlth., Hokkaido Univ. School of Med.
Nihon Rinsho. 1997 Apr;55(4):839-48.
To evaluate the annual incidence of viral CNS infections in Japan, a questionnaire was delivered to the related departments of hospitals and an answer was given from 377 departments (30.2%). Etiological analysis of patients with viral meningoencephalitis indicates that the most (64%) among those with encephalitis diagnosed, is herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, and the most (89%) among those with viral meningitis diagnosed is non-polio enterovirus (EV) meningitis, followed by mumps virus (MV) meningitis (9%). Epidemiological findings of CNS infections with three viruses, HSV, EV, and MV, are different from each another in age distribution or in seasonal and epidemic incidence, similar to European and American findings, except that with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Infections with JEV decrease recently to 2-39 cases/year by control measures for many years in Japan, though the infections with JEV continue to occur in continental Asian countries. In addition to JE, Japanese travellers abroad should be treated to be protected from infectious diseases absent in Japan, such as rabies.
为评估日本病毒性中枢神经系统感染的年发病率，向医院相关科室发放了调查问卷，377个科室（30.2%）进行了回复。对病毒性脑膜脑炎患者的病因分析表明，在确诊为脑炎的患者中，大多数（64%）是单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）脑炎，在确诊为病毒性脑膜炎的患者中，大多数（89%）是非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒（EV）脑膜炎，其次是腮腺炎病毒（MV）脑膜炎（9%）。HSV、EV和MV这三种病毒引起的中枢神经系统感染的流行病学特征在年龄分布、季节性和发病率方面彼此不同，这与欧美研究结果相似，但日本脑炎病毒（JEV）感染情况有所不同。在日本，由于多年来采取的防控措施，JEV感染病例数最近降至每年2 - 39例，不过在亚洲大陆国家仍有JEV感染病例发生。除了日本脑炎，前往国外的日本旅行者也应接受治疗，以预防日本不存在的传染病，如狂犬病。
