Titze I R, Story B H
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1012, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Apr;101(4):2234-43. doi: 10.1121/1.418246.
The linear source-filter theory of speech production assumes that vocal fold vibration is independent of the vocal tract. The justification is that the glottis often behaves as a high-impedance (constant flow) source. Recent imaging of the vocal tract has demonstrated, however, that the epilarynx tube is quite narrow, making the input impedance to the vocal tract comparable to the glottal impedance. Strong interactions can exist, therefore. In particular, the inertance of the vocal tract facilitates vocal fold vibration by lowering the oscillation threshold pressure. This has a significant impact on singing. Not only does the epilarynx tube produce the desirable singer's formant (vocal ring), but it acts like the mouthpiece of a trumpet to shape the flow and influence the mode of vibration. Effects of the piriform sinuses, pharynx expansion, and nasal coupling are also discussed.
语音产生的线性源-滤波器理论假定声带振动与声道无关。其理由是声门常常表现为一个高阻抗（恒定流量）源。然而，最近对声道的成像显示，喉上管相当狭窄，使得声道的输入阻抗与声门阻抗相当。因此，可能存在强烈的相互作用。特别是，声道的惯性通过降低振荡阈值压力来促进声带振动。这对歌唱有重大影响。喉上管不仅产生了理想的歌手共振峰（声环），而且它的作用就像小号的吹嘴一样，塑造气流并影响振动模式。文中还讨论了梨状窦、咽部扩张和鼻腔耦合的影响。
