Gabbard G O
Menninger Clinic, Topeka, Kansas 66601-0829, USA.
Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Feb;78 ( Pt 1):15-26.
The notion of objectivity has fallen out of favour to some extent, with an increasing emphasis on post-modern trends such as social constructivism, intersubjectivity and perspectivism. In this paper it is argued that the notion of objectivity is still useful in the psychoanalytic domain and that psychoanalysis can and should have a healthy dialectical tension between modern and post-modern themes. The origin of objectivity in the term object is often overlooked. The analyst's position as an object, external to the thinking mind or subjectivity of the patient, offers a vantage-point from which the analyst can share observations that are different from the patient's by virtue of being external to the patient. Indeed, the patient's unconscious intentions are often most accessible through the analyst's careful scrutiny of his or her 'object' responses. Even though the analyst cannot transcend the intersubjectivity of the analytic couple, part of that intersubjectivity involves a perspective outside that of the patient.
客观性的概念在一定程度上已失宠，人们越来越强调后现代趋势，如社会建构主义、主体间性和视角主义。本文认为，客观性概念在精神分析领域仍然有用，并且精神分析能够且应该在现代和后现代主题之间保持健康的辩证张力。客观性一词中“客体”的起源常常被忽视。分析师作为一个处于患者思维意识或主观性之外的客体的位置，提供了一个有利视角，分析师凭借处于患者之外的这一位置，能够分享与患者不同的观察结果。事实上，患者的无意识意图往往通过分析师对其“客体”反应的仔细审视而最易被察觉。尽管分析师无法超越分析对偶的主体间性，但这种主体间性的一部分涉及患者之外的一种视角。
