Eisold K
Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Feb;78 ( Pt 1):87-104.
The author argues that Freud's leadership of the Viennese reveals continual tension between Freud's need to use the group to develop and promote his own ideas and the need of the group to promote the professional aspirations of its members while maintaining Freud's allegiance. Freud's 'valency' for the role of 'fight leader', in Bion's terms, made him vulnerable to a solution to this dilemma, which both he and his Viennese followers constructed: an unconscious pact in which they sought and rooted out the "enemies' within the movement, that is, those followers of Freud who by questioning his basic concept of childhood sexuality would lend support to the external 'enemies' of psychoanalysis. What was accomplished by this solution was the Society's continuing dependence upon Freud, who felt forced to assume the role of President, against his own wishes, in order to maintain continual vigilance against the internal 'enemies' of psychoanalysis. In this way the Society captured Freud. For his part, Freud gained the continued loyalty of the group through this arrangement. What was lost with this solution, however, was a certain vitality in the Society as it was forced to give up some of the challenging new ideas of its members in order to hold on to Freud as well as avoid the risk of producing a new 'enemy'.
作者认为，弗洛伊德对维也纳团体的领导揭示了一种持续的紧张关系：一方面，弗洛伊德需要利用该团体来发展和推广自己的思想；另一方面，该团体需要在保持对弗洛伊德忠诚的同时，推动其成员的职业抱负。用比昂的话来说，弗洛伊德对“斗争领袖”角色的“化合价”使他容易受到这种困境解决方案的影响，这是他和他的维也纳追随者共同构建的：一种无意识的契约，在其中他们寻找并根除运动内部的“敌人”，即那些通过质疑弗洛伊德关于儿童性心理的基本概念而支持精神分析外部“敌人”的弗洛伊德追随者。这种解决方案带来的结果是，该团体持续依赖弗洛伊德，而弗洛伊德为了持续警惕精神分析的内部“敌人”，违背自己的意愿被迫承担起主席的角色。通过这种方式，该团体俘获了弗洛伊德。就弗洛伊德而言，通过这种安排，他获得了团体的持续忠诚。然而，这种解决方案也让该团体失去了一定的活力，因为它被迫放弃了成员的一些具有挑战性的新思想，以便留住弗洛伊德并避免产生新“敌人”的风险。
