Neuman J F
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, California, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1997 Apr;55(5):1835-44, 1849-50.
Gynecomastia is a proliferation of the glandular component of the male breast. Causes include altered estrogen-androgen levels, aging, puberty, chronic disease, tumors and drugs. The physician must determine whether the condition has a physiologic or pathologic cause. Pubertal gynecomastia is generally physiologic and regresses without treatment. The likelihood of pathology is increased in patients over 26 years of age who present with new-onset gynecomastia. A thorough history, a complete physical examination and an appropriate clinical evaluation facilitate the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
男性乳房肥大是男性乳腺腺性成分的增生。病因包括雌激素和雄激素水平改变、衰老、青春期、慢性疾病、肿瘤及药物。医生必须确定该病症是生理性还是病理性原因。青春期男性乳房肥大通常是生理性的，无需治疗即可消退。26岁以上新发男性乳房肥大的患者发生病理性病变的可能性增加。详尽的病史、全面的体格检查及适当的临床评估有助于对该病症进行及时诊断和治疗。
