Lazala Carmen, Saenger Paul
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;15(5):553-60. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2002.15.5.553.
Gynecomastia is a benign condition in males, characterized by proliferation of glandular elements resulting in concentric enlargement of one or both breasts. During puberty, there is often a transient relative imbalance between estrogen and testosterone, leading to gynecomastia. This condition usually resolves by age 18 years when adult androgen/estrogen ratios are achieved. Laboratory evaluation should include testosterone, estradiol, and gonadotropins; karyotype should be obtained in pubertal patients with testes volumes less than 6 ml. The mainstay in treatment of pubertal gynecomastia is still sympathetic reassurance considering the benign nature of the condition. Surgical removal of the breast glandular tissue should be considered in boys who have had persistent pubertal gynecomastia and have completed or nearly completed puberty.
男性乳房肥大是男性的一种良性病症，其特征为腺性成分增生，导致一侧或双侧乳房呈同心性增大。在青春期，雌激素和睾酮之间常常存在短暂的相对失衡，从而导致男性乳房肥大。这种情况通常在成年雄激素/雌激素比例达成的18岁时自行消退。实验室评估应包括睾酮、雌二醇和促性腺激素；对于睾丸体积小于6毫升的青春期患者，应进行染色体核型分析。考虑到该病症的良性性质，青春期男性乳房肥大治疗的主要方法仍是给予安慰。对于青春期男性乳房肥大持续存在且已完成或接近完成青春期的男孩，应考虑手术切除乳腺组织。
