Robertson L M, Marino R V, Namjoshi S
Department of Pediatrics Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1997 Mar;97(3):150-2. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1997.97.3.150.
To determine the influence of swimming on the incidence of otitis media in children, the authors designed a case control survey involving 32 children, aged 1 to 4 years, who were participating in swimming classes. Thirty control subjects were matched for age, race, and sex. The participants were pooled from the general pediatrics clinic and toddler swimming classes in Nassau County, New York. Parents completed a questionnaire gathering data over a 12-week study period during the winter months. Information was gathered regarding demographics, number of ear infections, history and frequency of swimming during the study period, presence of head submersion, day care center attendance, allergies, chronic medical conditions, otolaryngology consultations, ear surgery, and air travel. Forty-three percent of nonswimmers compared with 19% of swimmers had one or more ear infections during the study period (P < .02). The remaining factors surveyed did not differ significantly between groups. A review of the literature yielded two studies suggesting that swimming may have a beneficial effect on eustachian tube function and may indirectly decrease the occurrence of otitis media. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that there appears to be no basis to the commonly held belief that swimming may induce or exacerbate otitis media. In fact, the converse may be true.
为确定游泳对儿童中耳炎发病率的影响，作者设计了一项病例对照研究，涉及32名1至4岁参加游泳课程的儿童。选取了30名年龄、种族和性别相匹配的对照对象。参与者来自纽约拿骚县的普通儿科诊所和幼儿游泳班。在冬季为期12周的研究期间，家长们填写了一份问卷以收集数据。收集的信息包括人口统计学资料、耳部感染次数、研究期间游泳的历史和频率、头部是否浸入水中、日托中心出勤情况、过敏情况、慢性疾病、耳鼻喉科会诊、耳部手术以及航空旅行情况。在研究期间，43%的非游泳者有一次或多次耳部感染，而游泳者中这一比例为19%（P < 0.02）。所调查的其他因素在两组之间没有显著差异。对文献的回顾发现有两项研究表明游泳可能对咽鼓管功能有有益影响，并可能间接降低中耳炎的发生率。基于这些发现，作者得出结论，普遍认为游泳可能诱发或加重中耳炎这一观点似乎没有依据。事实上，情况可能恰恰相反。
