Hamilton H H, Lukefahr S D, McNitt J I
Alabama A&M University, Huntsville 35762, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1997 Apr;75(4):926-33. doi: 10.2527/1997.754926x.
Two hundred fifty parturition records on measures of maternal nest quality were collected over four seasons (S) from does (d; n = 108) of Californian (CAL), New Zealand White (NZW), and CAL x NZW breed types (DB). Service sires (s; n = 85) were from four sire lines (SL): CAL, NZW, and control and selected synthetics. Sires were nested within SL and 6-mo breeding cycle (C). Nest quality traits included fur weight (FW), nest structure (NS) and fur placement (FP; scores 1 to 5), and kit placement (KP; scores 1 to 4). Additional doe and litter characters studied over eight parities (P) were gestation length, doe body weight at parturition, litter size and weight at birth and weaning, estimated milk yield, doe feed intake, and neonatal and preweaning survival rates (NSR and PSR). A mixed model was used that included SL, C, SL x C, s/(SL x C), DB, SL x DB, d/(SL x DB), S/C, SL x (S/C), DB x (S/C), P, SL x P, DB x P, (S/C) x P, and residual error. Neither SL, s/(SL x C), nor SL x DB influenced (P > .05) nest traits. Nest quality traits did not have normal distributions. Although residual correlations were moderate to high among nest traits studied (.21 < r < .67), correlations relating nest quality to doe and litter traits were low (r < .21). The CAL had lower (P < .05) nest trait scores than NZW purebred does. The NZW does had higher (P < .05) FW (1.9 g) and FP (.36 units) scores than CAL x NZW does. Season, but not parity, influenced (P < .05) NS and KP. From path analysis, relative to other doe and litter characters, nest traits accounted for 21.2 to 35.3% of total variation (across doe breed types) in NSR. However, nest traits had low determination (< 5%) for PSR and litter weaning weight.
在四个季节（S）里，收集了250份关于母兔窝质量指标的分娩记录，这些记录来自加利福尼亚兔（CAL）、新西兰白兔（NZW）以及CAL×NZW杂交品种（DB）的母兔（d；n = 108）。种公兔（s；n = 85）来自四个父系（SL）：CAL、NZW以及对照系和选定的合成系。公兔嵌套于父系和6个月的繁殖周期（C）内。窝质量性状包括毛重（FW）、窝结构（NS）和毛的摆放（FP；评分1至5），以及仔兔摆放（KP；评分1至4）。在八个胎次（P）中研究的其他母兔和窝的特征包括妊娠期长度、分娩时母兔体重、出生和断奶时窝仔数及体重、估计产奶量、母兔采食量以及新生仔兔和断奶前存活率（NSR和PSR）。使用了一个混合模型，该模型包括父系、繁殖周期、父系×繁殖周期、公兔/（父系×繁殖周期）、杂交品种、父系×杂交品种、母兔/（父系×杂交品种）、季节/繁殖周期、父系×（季节/繁殖周期）、杂交品种×（季节/繁殖周期）、胎次、父系×胎次、杂交品种×胎次、（季节/繁殖周期）×胎次以及残差。父系、公兔/（父系×繁殖周期）以及父系×杂交品种对窝性状均无显著影响（P > 0.05）。窝质量性状不具有正态分布。尽管所研究的窝性状之间的残差相关性为中度到高度（0.21 < r < 0.67），但窝质量与母兔和窝仔性状之间的相关性较低（r < 0.21）。加利福尼亚兔的窝性状评分低于新西兰白兔纯种母兔（P < 0.05）。新西兰白兔母兔的毛重（1.9克）和毛的摆放（0.36分）评分高于CAL×NZW杂交母兔（P < 0.05）。季节而非胎次对窝结构和仔兔摆放有显著影响（P < 0.05）。通过通径分析，相对于其他母兔和窝仔性状，窝性状在新生仔兔存活率的总变异（跨母兔品种类型）中占21.2%至35.3%。然而，窝性状对断奶前存活率和窝仔断奶体重的决定系数较低（< 5%）。
