Uetake K, Hurnik J F, Johnson L
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 1997 Apr;75(4):954-8. doi: 10.2527/1997.754954x.
Behavioral pattern was investigated in dairy cows milked in an automatic milking system (AMS) in contrast to cows milked in a conventional milking parlor. Forty-eight Holstein cows were allocated to two groups of 24 animals. The two groups were housed in adjacent free stall pens. Both groups were milked twice a day at 0500 and at 1500 for 30 d before commencement of the experiment, one in a two-stall AMS (AMS Group), the other in a 16-stall herringbone parlor (Parlor Group). The respective holding areas were used to encourage cows to enter the milking compartments. All cows consumed total mixed rations ad libitum, provided once a day between 0500 and 0600 in indoor feed bunks. Cows in both groups were allowed daily access to two adjacent outdoor paddocks from 1030 to 1230. Behavioral observations were carried out in the free stall barn from 0400 to 0900 and from 1250 to 1900 for 30 d. The number of cows lying down, standing in the stalls, standing in the passageway, and eating was recorded every 10 min. Analyses of variance were used to compare time serial changes in behavioral states between groups. Although the time serial changes in the behavioral states were not different between groups after returning from paddocks, they became significantly different between groups for all four recorded behavioral states after the onset of milking. Ethograms during the 11-h observation period showed that cows in the AMS group spent less time eating at the feed bunk and standing in the stalls to compensate for the longer time standing in the holding area. The results indicate that AMS milking with a holding area affects social synchronization of cows eating and resting and reduces time spent eating significantly more than parlor milking.
与在传统挤奶厅挤奶的奶牛相比，对在自动挤奶系统（AMS）中挤奶的奶牛的行为模式进行了研究。48头荷斯坦奶牛被分为两组，每组24头。两组奶牛被安置在相邻的自由栏舍中。在实验开始前30天，两组奶牛每天在05:00和15:00各挤奶一次，一组在双栏自动挤奶系统（AMS组）中挤奶，另一组在16栏鱼骨式挤奶厅（挤奶厅组）中挤奶。各自的待挤区用于鼓励奶牛进入挤奶区。所有奶牛可自由采食全混合日粮，每天05:00至06:00在室内饲料槽中供应一次。两组奶牛每天在10:30至12:30可进入两个相邻的室外围场。在自由栏舍中于04:00至09:00以及12:50至19:00进行了30天的行为观察。每隔10分钟记录躺卧、站在栏舍、站在通道和进食的奶牛数量。采用方差分析比较两组行为状态的时间序列变化。尽管从围场返回后两组行为状态的时间序列变化没有差异，但在挤奶开始后，两组在所有四种记录的行为状态上都出现了显著差异。11小时观察期内的行为图谱显示，AMS组的奶牛在饲料槽进食和站在栏舍中的时间较少，以补偿在待挤区站立的较长时间。结果表明，带有待挤区的AMS挤奶会影响奶牛进食和休息的社会同步性，并且比挤奶厅挤奶显著减少进食时间。
