Gerard L
Urol Nurs. 1997 Mar;17(1):17-22.
Can group learning be effective in reducing symptoms of urinary incontinence? Would women with stress incontinence respond more favorably than women with urge incontinence? Would age make a difference? Would women with various ethnic backgrounds attend the sessions?
Eighty-five women between the ages of 40 and 78 years attended a 2-hour class offered at two sites. The class covered anatomy and physiology, causes of incontinence, treatment/management alternative (including behavioral methods and dietary changes), and specific exercises to identify pelvic muscles. Women filled out a questionnaire before the training and 1 month after the training. Telephone interviews were conducted at 3 and 6 months after the training.
Thirty-eight women (45%) completed the posttraining questionnaire. Some were lost to follow-up at 3 and 6 months. There was a significant reduction in the number of absorbency products used, especially during the day. Women with stress incontinence had a significant decrease in urine loss. Women with urge incontinence showed a significant decrease in urine loss, not to the same extent, but many did not have to hurry to the toilet. Younger women (59 years) reported reduced wetness at 1 and 3 months. Older women improved at 1 month, not at 3 months, and saw a trend toward improvement again at 6 months. Eighty-four percent of those attending the class were white. Others were Hispanic, Native American, Asian, and black.
Although limitations to the study were identified, group training was seen as an effective means to educate women about incontinence management and to have them take an active role. Several recommendations followed the study: to increase the number of classes with an optional one-on-one follow-up appointment, to use biofeedback equipment for those patients who have difficulty identifying appropriate muscle groups, to develop an education program focusing on prevention of incontinence, and to develop a rehabilitation program for those patients who require surgery.
小组学习对减轻尿失禁症状有效吗？压力性尿失禁的女性比急迫性尿失禁的女性反应更积极吗？年龄会有影响吗？不同种族背景的女性会参加这些课程吗？
85名年龄在40至78岁之间的女性参加了在两个地点开设的为时两小时的课程。课程涵盖了解剖学和生理学、尿失禁的原因、治疗/管理方法（包括行为方法和饮食改变）以及识别盆底肌肉的特定练习。女性在培训前和培训后1个月填写问卷。在培训后3个月和6个月进行电话访谈。
38名女性（45%）完成了培训后的问卷。一些人在3个月和6个月时失访。使用的吸收性产品数量显著减少，尤其是在白天。压力性尿失禁的女性尿失禁量显著减少。急迫性尿失禁的女性尿失禁量也显著减少，程度虽不同，但许多人不再需要匆忙跑去上厕所。年轻女性（59岁）在1个月和3个月时报告潮湿感减轻。老年女性在1个月时有所改善，3个月时没有，6个月时又有改善趋势。参加课程的人中有84%是白人。其他人是西班牙裔、美洲原住民、亚洲人和黑人。
尽管确定了该研究存在局限性，但小组培训被视为一种有效的手段，可让女性了解尿失禁管理知识并让她们发挥积极作用。该研究之后有几项建议：增加课程数量并提供可选的一对一随访预约，为那些难以识别合适肌肉群的患者使用生物反馈设备，制定侧重于预防尿失禁的教育计划，以及为那些需要手术的患者制定康复计划。
