Huda W, Atherton J V, Ware D E, Cumming W A
Department of Radiology, Health Science Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0374, USA.
Radiology. 1997 May;203(2):417-22. doi: 10.1148/radiology.203.2.9114097.
To estimate the effective radiation dose to pediatric and adult patients at head and abdomen computed tomography (CT).
Cylindrical water-equivalent phantoms were modeled for patients aged newborn to adult, and the energy imparted per unit axial exposure was computed. To determine the energy imparted to the simulated patients of different ages undergoing head and abdomen CT examinations, x-ray technique factors were combined with measured CT axial exposures. Body-region-specific ratios were calculated for effective dose per unit energy imparted, and these ratios were corrected for patient mass to obtain the effective dose to simulated patients.
With use of standard techniques, the energy imparted to simulated patients at CT always increased with patient size, but the effective dose was higher in children than in adults. At CT in the head and abdomen, effective doses were highest in newborns. Effective doses ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 mSv in head CT examinations and from 3.1 to 5.3 mSv in abdomen CT examinations.
The values for energy imparted at CT in pediatric patients were generally lower than in adults. The smaller mass of children, however, caused the corresponding effective doses to be higher than those in adults undergoing similar CT examinations.
估算儿科和成年患者在头部及腹部计算机断层扫描（CT）时所接受的有效辐射剂量。
针对从新生儿到成人各年龄段的患者构建了圆柱形水等效体模，并计算了单位轴向照射所传递的能量。为确定接受头部和腹部CT检查的不同年龄模拟患者所获得的能量，将X射线技术参数与实测的CT轴向照射量相结合。计算了单位能量传递的有效剂量的特定身体部位比值，并针对患者体重对这些比值进行校正，以得出模拟患者的有效剂量。
采用标准技术时，CT扫描中传递给模拟患者的能量总是随患者体型增大而增加，但儿童的有效剂量高于成人。在头部和腹部CT检查中，新生儿的有效剂量最高。头部CT检查的有效剂量范围为1.5至6.0毫希沃特，腹部CT检查的有效剂量范围为3.1至5.3毫希沃特。
儿科患者在CT检查中所获得的能量值通常低于成人。然而，儿童较小的体重导致其相应的有效剂量高于接受类似CT检查的成人。
