Holt R D, Murray J J
Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
Community Dent Health. 1997 Mar;14(1):4-10.
This paper reviews current issues in the development of fluoride toothpastes as a public health measure.
The issues examined included low concentration formulations, delivery systems, dispensing instructions and labelling, oral clearance. effect on root caries, additional therapeutic agents and marketing and manufacturing issues.
Lower fluoride formulations may carry a lower risk of fluorosis but this must be balanced against a higher risk of caries. Risk factors for fluorosis include inappropriate fluoride supplements but the age at which toothbrushing began, frequency of brushing and residence in an optimum fluoride area have also been implicated.
The dental profession should: clarify the most appropriate fluoride concentration in toothpastes used for children; ensure that other sources of fluoride do not increase the risk of dental fluorosis: investigate the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste in inhibiting root surface caries in adults. Manufacturers should: continue to improve the performance of fluoride toothpaste; ensure that all pastes maximise fluoride bioavailability; develop active agents to help reduce oral disease; label products clearly with ppm F; review the delivery systems so as to reduce the risk of dental fluorosis.
本文综述了作为一项公共卫生措施的含氟牙膏发展中的当前问题。
所研究的问题包括低浓度配方、输送系统、使用说明和标签、口腔清除率、对根龋的影响、其他治疗剂以及营销和生产问题。
较低氟含量的配方可能患氟斑牙的风险较低，但这必须与较高的患龋风险相权衡。氟斑牙的风险因素包括不适当的氟补充剂，但开始刷牙的年龄、刷牙频率以及居住在氟含量适宜地区也有影响。
牙科行业应：明确儿童使用的牙膏中最合适的氟浓度；确保其他氟来源不会增加氟斑牙的风险；研究含氟牙膏抑制成人根面龋的有效性。制造商应：继续提高含氟牙膏的性能；确保所有牙膏使氟的生物利用度最大化；开发有助于减少口腔疾病的活性剂；用百万分率的氟清晰标注产品；审查输送系统以降低氟斑牙的风险。
