Goetz C G
Rush University/Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Exp Neurol. 1997 Mar;144(1):17-20. doi: 10.1006/exnr.1996.6381.
Most new pharmacological therapies in Parkinson's disease focus on the dopaminergic system. Drugs that enhance dopaminergic function fall into three primary categories: amino acid precursors to dopamine, agonists that stimulate dopamine receptors, and enzyme antagonists that prevent the metabolism of dopamine and hence permit more or prolonged neurotransmitter activity; the first two are discussed below. Within the first category, levodopa is the amino acid precursor to dopamine, and a number of modifications in its formulation have been developed to enhance dopaminergic activity. In the area of agonists, new agents pramipexole, ropinerole, and cabergoline have recently been developed to complement the currently available bromocriptine and pergolide, and these new drugs may be released in the United States.
帕金森病的大多数新药理疗法都聚焦于多巴胺能系统。增强多巴胺能功能的药物主要分为三类：多巴胺的氨基酸前体、刺激多巴胺受体的激动剂以及阻止多巴胺代谢从而使神经递质活性增强或延长的酶拮抗剂；前两类将在下文讨论。在第一类中，左旋多巴是多巴胺的氨基酸前体，并且已经开发出其制剂的多种改良形式以增强多巴胺能活性。在激动剂领域，最近已研发出新型药物普拉克索、罗匹尼罗和卡麦角林，以补充现有的溴隐亭和培高利特，这些新药可能会在美国上市。
