Gordon-Salant S, Fitzgibbons P J
University of Maryland at College Park, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Apr;40(2):423-31. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4002.423.
The influence of selected cognitive factors on age-related changes in speech recognition was examined by measuring the effects of recall task, speech rate, and availability of contextual cues on recognition performance by young and elderly listeners. Stimuli were low and high context sentences from the R-SPIN test presented at normal and slowed speech rates in noise. Response modes were final word recall and sentence recall. The effects of hearing loss and age were examined by comparing performances of young and elderly listeners with normal hearing and young and elderly listeners with hearing loss. Listeners with hearing loss performed more poorly than listeners with normal hearing in nearly every condition. In addition, elderly listeners exhibited poorer performance than younger listeners on the sentence recall task, but not on the word recall task, indicating that added memory demands have a detrimental effect on elderly listeners' performance. Slowing of speech rate did not have a differential effect on performance of young and elderly listeners. All listeners performed well when stimulus contextual cues were available. Taken together, these results support the notion that the performance of elderly listeners with hearing loss is influenced by a combination of auditory processing factors, memory demands, and speech contextual information.
通过测量回忆任务、语速和语境线索的可用性对年轻和老年听众识别表现的影响，研究了所选认知因素对与年龄相关的言语识别变化的影响。刺激材料是来自R-SPIN测试的低语境和高语境句子，以正常语速和放慢语速在噪声中呈现。反应模式为最后一个单词回忆和句子回忆。通过比较听力正常的年轻和老年听众以及听力损失的年轻和老年听众的表现，研究了听力损失和年龄的影响。在几乎每种情况下，听力损失的听众表现都比听力正常的听众差。此外，老年听众在句子回忆任务上的表现比年轻听众差，但在单词回忆任务上并非如此，这表明增加的记忆需求对老年听众的表现有不利影响。语速放慢对年轻和老年听众的表现没有差异影响。当有刺激语境线索时，所有听众的表现都很好。综上所述，这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即听力损失的老年听众的表现受到听觉处理因素、记忆需求和言语语境信息的综合影响。
