Baptista C A, Kirby M L
Development Biology Program, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Augusta 30912-2640, USA.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1997 Jan;13(1):42-54.
The cardiac ganglia are distributed in different regions of the atria of a number of mammalian species, surrounding the SA node, around the roots of the venae cava and pulmonary veins, interatrial septum, in the proximity of the AV node and in the auricular appendages. A typical cardiac ganglion consists of neurons, satellite cells and SIF cells. The mammalian cardiac ganglia contain unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons with differing dimensions and shapes. The neurons and satellite cells of the cardiac ganglia originate from neural crest cells that migrate to the heart. Upon arriving in the outflow tract the cells segregate into parasympathetic neurons and supporting cells to form the cardiac ganglia. The sympathetic innervation of the heart arises from the cervicothoracic sympathetic chains and is derived from the trunk neural crest. The ultrastructural development of the cardiac ganglia in the chicken can be divided into three phases: (1) migration and aggregation of neuroblasts on days 3.5-5; (2) differentiating ganglia, days 5-10; (3) maturing ganglia, days 11 to hatching. The development of cholinergic mechanisms precedes that of adrenergic mechanisms. As a consequence the parasympathetic-cholinergic control becomes functional and plays a role in cardiac function earlier than the sympathetic-adrenal neural control. The genes that may control the development of certain components of the cardiac ganglia are described.
心脏神经节分布于多种哺乳动物心房的不同区域，围绕窦房结、腔静脉和肺静脉根部、房间隔、房室结附近以及心耳。典型的心脏神经节由神经元、卫星细胞和SIF细胞组成。哺乳动物的心脏神经节包含单极、双极和多极神经元，其大小和形状各异。心脏神经节的神经元和卫星细胞起源于迁移至心脏的神经嵴细胞。到达流出道后，这些细胞分离为副交感神经元和支持细胞，形成心脏神经节。心脏的交感神经支配源自颈胸交感神经链，起源于躯干神经嵴。鸡心脏神经节的超微结构发育可分为三个阶段：（1）神经母细胞在3.5 - 5天迁移和聚集；（2）神经节分化，5 - 10天；（3）神经节成熟，11天至孵化。胆碱能机制的发育先于肾上腺素能机制。因此，副交感 - 胆碱能控制比交感 - 肾上腺神经控制更早发挥功能并在心脏功能中起作用。文中描述了可能控制心脏神经节某些成分发育的基因。
