Aspinwall L G, Taylor S E
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742-4411, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1997 May;121(3):417-36. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.417.
In a conceptual and temporal framework, derived from research on social cognition, social interaction, and stress and coping, the authors analyze the processes through which people anticipate or detect potential stressors and act in advance to prevent them or to mute their impact (proactive coping). The framework specifies five stages in proactive coping: (1) resource accumulation, (2) recognition of potential stressors, (3) initial appraisal, (4) preliminary coping efforts, and (5) elicitation and use of feedback concerning initial efforts. The authors detail the role of individual differences skills, and resources at each stage. They highlight the unique predictions afforded by a focus on proactive coping and the importance of understanding how people avoid and offset potential stressors.
在一个源自社会认知、社会互动以及压力与应对研究的概念和时间框架内，作者们分析了人们预见或察觉潜在压力源并提前采取行动以预防压力源或减轻其影响（积极应对）的过程。该框架明确了积极应对的五个阶段：（1）资源积累，（2）潜在压力源的识别，（3）初步评估，（4）初步应对努力，以及（5）关于初步努力的反馈的引出和运用。作者们详细阐述了每个阶段中个体差异、技能和资源所起的作用。他们强调了聚焦于积极应对所带来的独特预测以及理解人们如何避免和抵消潜在压力源的重要性。
