Javadpour N
Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Sep-Oct;63(9-10):1637-41.
The conventional staging system for testicular cancer is inadequate in discriminating between varying degrees of local, nodal, and pulmonary disease. This staging system which uses conventional tests including lymphangiogram, iv pyelogram, and inferior venacavogram has been demonstrated to have a 35%--53% error rate in distinguishing between stages I and II cancer based upon retroperitoneal node dissection. A surgicopathologic staging system has been proposed which improves upon the conventional staging system for testicular cancer. This clinical and surgicopathologic staging system has been proposed based on determination of serum alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin before and/or after orchiectomy and lymphadenectomy with a low staging error. The conventional surgical management of testicular cancer and the current status of the National Cancer Institute prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the role of intensive chemotherapy with or without cytoreductive surgery in poor-risk bulky stage III testicular cancer are discussed.
睾丸癌的传统分期系统在区分不同程度的局部、淋巴结和肺部疾病方面存在不足。这种使用包括淋巴管造影、静脉肾盂造影和下腔静脉造影等传统检查的分期系统，经证实基于腹膜后淋巴结清扫在区分I期和II期癌症时存在35%至53%的错误率。已提出一种手术病理分期系统，它对睾丸癌的传统分期系统进行了改进。这种临床和手术病理分期系统是基于在睾丸切除术和淋巴结清扫术前和/或术后测定血清甲胎蛋白和人绒毛膜促性腺激素而提出的，分期错误率较低。本文讨论了睾丸癌的传统外科治疗方法以及美国国立癌症研究所前瞻性随机临床试验的现状，该试验评估了强化化疗联合或不联合细胞减灭术在高危大块III期睾丸癌中的作用。
