Lanmüller H, Bijak M, Mayr W, Rafolt D, Sauermann S, Thoma H
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, University of Vienna, Austria.
Artif Organs. 1997 Mar;21(3):210-2.
Battery powered stimulation implants have been well-known for a long time as heart pacemakers. In the last few years, fully implantable stimulators have been used in the field of functional electrical stimulation (FES) for applications like dynamic cardiomyoplasty and electro-stimulated graciloplasty for fecal incontinence. The error rate of battery powered implants is significantly smaller than that for conventional stimulator systems, and the quality of life for the patients is increased because the need for an external power and control unit is eliminated. The use of battery powered implants is limited by the complexity of the stimulation control strategies and the battery capacity. Therefore, applications like the stimulation of lower extremities for walking, cochlea stimulation, or direct muscle stimulation cannot be supported. The improvement of implantable batteries, microcontrollers, and ultralow power products is ongoing. In the future, battery powered implants will also meet the requirements of complex applications. Systems for restoration of hand and breathing functions after spinal cord injury can be the next field of use for battery powered implants. For these purposes, we developed a battery powered multichannel implant with a sufficient life span for phrenic pacing. The problems during development and the limits of this system are described in this paper.
电池供电的刺激植入物作为心脏起搏器早已广为人知。在过去几年中，完全植入式刺激器已被用于功能性电刺激（FES）领域，如动态心肌成形术和用于大便失禁的电刺激股薄肌成形术等应用。电池供电植入物的错误率明显低于传统刺激器系统，并且由于消除了对外部电源和控制单元的需求，患者的生活质量得到了提高。电池供电植入物的使用受到刺激控制策略的复杂性和电池容量的限制。因此，无法支持诸如用于行走的下肢刺激、耳蜗刺激或直接肌肉刺激等应用。可植入电池、微控制器和超低功耗产品的改进工作正在进行。未来，电池供电植入物也将满足复杂应用的要求。脊髓损伤后手和呼吸功能恢复系统可能是电池供电植入物的下一个应用领域。出于这些目的，我们开发了一种电池供电的多通道植入物，其具有足够长的寿命用于膈神经起搏。本文描述了开发过程中的问题以及该系统的局限性。
