Turner N E, Annis H M, Sklar S M
Behaviour Change Unit, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Behav Res Ther. 1997 May;35(5):465-83. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00119-2.
The development, factor structure, and validity of the Inventory of Drug-Taking Situations (IDTS) is described. This 50-item self-report questionnaire, which is an extension of the Inventory of Drinking Situations (Annis, 1982. Inventory of drinking situations; Annis, Graham & Davis, 1987, Inventory of drinking situations (IDS): User's guide), is designed to assess the situational antecedents to use of a wide range of drugs of abuse. The IDTS consists of 8 subscales that measure a client's substance use in the 8 situations identified in the work of Marlatt (1978, Alcoholism: New directions in behavioral research and treatment): Unpleasant Emotions, Physical Discomfort, Pleasant Emotions, Testing Personal Control, Urges and Temptations to Use, Conflict with Others, Social Pressure to Use, and Pleasant Times with Others. Reliability, factor structure and validity of the IDTS were assessed on 699 clients admitted to the Addiction Research Foundation's treatment facility in Toronto. The IDTS was shown to have reliable subscales. The IDTS total score correlated with self-ratings of the severity of the clients' substance use problem, and with retrospective reports of frequency of use (drugs) and quantity of use (alcohol), years of usage, and severity of dependence. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of the data to Marlatt's model of substance use situations, as well as to several alternative models. The goodness-of-fit indicators suggested that the best fit for the data was an 8-factor model corresponding to the 8 subscales based on the Marlatt categories. Evidence was presented that the 8 subscales can be further grouped into 3 second-order factors: (1) negative situations, (2) positive situations, and (3) temptation situations. The negative situation subscales of Unpleasant Emotions, Conflict with Others and Physical Discomfort were found to be correlated with the SCL-90R Depression scale. Interpersonal Sensitivity scale and Somatization scale respectively. The positive social situation subscales of Pleasant Times with Others and Social Pressure to Use were found to be negatively correlated with percentage of time using alone, and positively correlated with pressure from friends and family to use. On the States of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scales (SOCRATES), clients at the precontemplation stage of change had relatively flat, undifferentiated IDTS profiles (i.e. little scatter of subscale scores), whereas clients in the determination stage had the most differentiation in their IDTS subscale scores. Excellent comparability was found for alcohol clients between the IDS and the IDTS. Evidence was also presented for adequate comparability between the computer and paper and pencil administrative formats of the IDTS.
本文描述了药物使用情境量表（IDTS）的编制、因素结构及效度。这份包含50个条目的自陈式问卷是饮酒情境量表（安妮斯，1982年。饮酒情境量表；安妮斯、格雷厄姆和戴维斯，1987年，饮酒情境量表（IDS）：用户指南）的扩展版本，旨在评估广泛滥用药物的情境性前置因素。IDTS由8个分量表组成，用于测量来访者在马勒特（1978年，《酗酒：行为研究与治疗的新方向》）研究中确定的8种情境下的物质使用情况：不愉快情绪、身体不适、愉快情绪、测试个人自控力、使用冲动与诱惑、与他人冲突、社交使用压力以及与他人共度愉快时光。对多伦多成瘾研究基金会治疗机构收治的699名来访者进行了IDTS的信度、因素结构及效度评估。结果显示IDTS的各分量表具有可靠的信度。IDTS总分与来访者物质使用问题严重程度的自评、使用频率（药物）和使用量（酒精）的回顾性报告、使用年限以及依赖严重程度相关。采用验证性因素分析来检验数据与马勒特物质使用情境模型以及几种替代模型的拟合度。拟合优度指标表明，数据的最佳拟合模型是基于马勒特分类的8个分量表对应的8因素模型。有证据表明，这8个分量表可进一步归为3个二阶因素：（1）消极情境，（2）积极情境，（3）诱惑情境。不愉快情绪、与他人冲突和身体不适这几个消极情境分量表分别与症状自评量表90项修订版（SCL - 90R）的抑郁量表、人际敏感量表和躯体化量表相关。与他人共度愉快时光和社交使用压力这两个积极社交情境分量表与独自使用时间百分比呈负相关，与朋友和家人的使用压力呈正相关。在改变准备状态和治疗渴望量表（SOCRATES）上，处于未考虑改变阶段的来访者的IDTS剖面图相对平坦、无差异（即分量表得分分散度小），而处于决心阶段的来访者的IDTS分量表得分差异最大。研究发现IDS和IDTS在酒精使用来访者中具有出色的可比性。也有证据表明IDTS的计算机管理格式和纸笔管理格式之间具有充分的可比性。
