Cardinet G H, Kass P H, Wallace L J, Guffy M M
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1997 May 15;210(10):1466-73.
To investigate the relationship between pelvic muscle mass and development and expression of canine hip dysplasia (CHD).
Prospective study.
5 Greyhounds with anatomically normal hip joints, 59 German Shepherd Dogs (23 with CHD, 24 with near-normal hip joints, and 12 with normal hip joints), and 18 German Shepherd Dog-Greyhound crossbreeds (7 with CHD, 6 with near-normal hip joints, and 5 with normal hip joints) between 12 and 47 months old in which pelvic muscle mass was evaluated. Pectineal muscle and hip joint development were evaluated in 25 German Shepherd Dogs at 8 and 16 or 24 weeks of age.
For evaluation of pelvic muscle mass, individual pelvic muscles were weighed and hip joints were assigned a score on the basis of severity of degenerative changes. For evaluation of pectineal muscle development, muscle sections were stained and examined.
Pelvic muscle mass was greatest in Greyhounds, intermediate in crossbred dogs, and smallest in German Shepherd Dogs. Differences in pelvic muscle mass among breeds were attributable to differences in weights of individual muscles. Hip score was negatively correlated with pelvic muscle mass and weights of selected pelvic muscles. Dogs with pectineal hypotrophy at 8 weeks of age had type-2 muscle fiber paucity or muscle fiber-type grouping at 16 or 24 weeks of age. At 8 weeks of age, hip joints were composed of multiple centers of ossification, and the acetabulum was largely cartilaginous. By 24 weeks of age, the pelvic bones were largely, although incompletely, fused.
Diminished pelvic muscle mass in dogs with CHD and altered muscle fiber size and composition in 8-week-old dogs that subsequently develop CHD strongly suggest that abnormalities of pelvic musculature are associated with development of CHD. The complex development of the hip joint from multiple centers of ossification may make the joint susceptible to abnormal modeling forces that would result from abnormalities in pelvic muscle mass.
研究骨盆肌肉质量与犬髋关节发育不良（CHD）的发生及表达之间的关系。
前瞻性研究。
选取5只髋关节解剖结构正常的灵缇犬、59只德国牧羊犬（23只患有CHD，24只髋关节接近正常，12只髋关节正常）以及18只德国牧羊犬与灵缇犬的杂交犬（7只患有CHD，6只髋关节接近正常，5只髋关节正常），年龄在12至47个月之间，对其骨盆肌肉质量进行评估。在25只德国牧羊犬8周龄和16周龄或24周龄时评估耻骨肌和髋关节发育情况。
为评估骨盆肌肉质量，对各骨盆肌肉进行称重，并根据退行性变化的严重程度对髋关节进行评分。为评估耻骨肌发育情况，则对肌肉切片进行染色并检查。
灵缇犬的骨盆肌肉质量最大，杂交犬居中，德国牧羊犬最小。各品种之间骨盆肌肉质量的差异归因于单个肌肉重量的不同。髋关节评分与骨盆肌肉质量及所选骨盆肌肉的重量呈负相关。8周龄时耻骨肌发育不良的犬在16周龄或24周龄时出现2型肌纤维数量减少或肌纤维类型分组现象。8周龄时，髋关节由多个骨化中心组成，髋臼大部分为软骨。到24周龄时，骨盆骨虽未完全融合，但大部分已融合。
患有CHD的犬骨盆肌肉质量减少，以及随后发展为CHD的8周龄犬肌肉纤维大小和组成发生改变，强烈表明骨盆肌肉组织异常与CHD的发生有关。髋关节从多个骨化中心开始的复杂发育过程可能使关节易受骨盆肌肉质量异常所产生的异常塑形力影响。
