Low D E
Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Microb Drug Resist. 1995 Fall;1(3):223-34. doi: 10.1089/mdr.1995.1.223.
In recent years, the prevalence of multiple drug-resistant strains of common Gram-positive pathogens has grown in many regions of the world. Increasingly, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci have been identified as causative organisms in serious and life-threatening infections. This increase in resistance highlights the need for new antimicrobial agents to expand the therapeutic armamentarium. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is the first of a unique class of antibiotics called streptogramins. It is characterized by a unique mechanism of action, intracellular activity, synergistic activity of its components, broad spectrum of activity against most Gram-positive cocci, common respiratory pathogens, and anaerobes, and demonstrated postantibiotic effect. Clinical evidence to date indicates that quinupristin/dalfopristin may be effective for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, especially those due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. This article reviews the pharmacology, microbiology, and clinical experience with quinupristin/dalfopristin to date.
近年来，常见革兰氏阳性病原体的多重耐药菌株在世界许多地区呈上升趋势。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌和耐青霉素肺炎球菌越来越多地被确认为严重及危及生命感染的病原体。耐药性的增加凸显了需要新的抗菌药物来扩大治疗手段。奎奴普丁/达福普汀是一类名为链阳菌素的独特抗生素中的首个药物。它具有独特的作用机制、细胞内活性、其组分的协同活性、对大多数革兰氏阳性球菌、常见呼吸道病原体和厌氧菌的广谱活性以及已证实的抗生素后效应。迄今的临床证据表明，奎奴普丁/达福普汀可能对治疗多重耐药感染有效，尤其是由耐万古霉素肠球菌和耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌引起的感染。本文综述了迄今有关奎奴普丁/达福普汀的药理学、微生物学和临床经验。
