Owren M J, Seyfarth R M, Cheney D L
Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 May;101(5 Pt 1):2951-63. doi: 10.1121/1.418523.
The acoustic features of 216 baboon grunts were investigated through analysis of field-recorded calls produced by identified females in known contexts. Analyses addressed two distinct questions: whether the acoustic features of these tonal sounds could be characterized using a source-filter approach and whether the acoustic features of grunts varied by individual caller and social context. Converging evidence indicated that grunts were produced through a combination of periodic laryngeal vibration and a stable vocal tract filter. Their acoustic properties closely resembled those of prototypical human vowel sounds. In general, variation in the acoustic features of the grunts was more strongly related to caller identity than to the social contexts of calling. However, two acoustic parameters, second formant frequency and overall spectral tilt, did vary consistently depending on whether the caller was interacting with an infant or participating in a group move. Nonetheless, in accordance with the general view that identity cueing is a compelling function in animal communication, it can be concluded that much of the observed variability in grunt acoustics is likely to be related to this aspect of signaling. Further, cues related to vocal tract filtering appear particularly likely to play an important role in identifying individual calling animals.
通过分析在已知情境中由已识别的雌性狒狒发出的现场录制叫声，对216个狒狒呼噜声的声学特征进行了研究。分析涉及两个不同的问题：这些音调声音的声学特征是否可以用源 - 滤波器方法来表征，以及呼噜声的声学特征是否因个体发声者和社会情境而异。越来越多的证据表明，呼噜声是由周期性的喉部振动和稳定的声道滤波器共同产生的。它们的声学特性与典型的人类元音声音非常相似。一般来说，呼噜声声学特征的变化与发声者身份的相关性比与叫声的社会情境的相关性更强。然而，两个声学参数，即第二共振峰频率和整体频谱倾斜度，确实会根据发声者是与婴儿互动还是参与群体活动而持续变化。尽管如此，根据身份提示在动物交流中具有重要作用这一普遍观点，可以得出结论，观察到的呼噜声声学特征的许多变异性可能与此信号方面有关。此外，与声道滤波相关的线索似乎特别有可能在识别个体发声动物方面发挥重要作用。
