Lnenicka G A, Hong S J
Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Albany 12222, USA.
Mol Neurobiol. 1997 Feb-Apr;14(1-2):37-66. doi: 10.1007/BF02740620.
Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are important in the regulation of neuronal structure and function, and as a result, they have received considerable attention. Recent studies have begun to characterize the diversity of their properties and the relationship of this diversity to their various cellular functions. In particular, Ca2+ channels play a prominent role in depolarization-secretion coupling, where the release of neurotransmitter is very sensitive to changes in voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents. An important feature of Ca2+ channels is their regulation by electrical activity. Depolarization can selectively modulate the properties of Ca2+ channel types, thus shaping the response of the neuron to future electrical activity. In this article, we examine the diversity of Ca2+ channels found in vertebrate and invertebrate neurons, and their short- and long-term regulation by membrane potential and Ca2+ influx. Additionally, we consider the extent to which this activity-dependent regulation of Ca2+ currents contributes to the development and plasticity of transmitter releasing properties. In the studies of long-term regulation, we focus on crustacean motoneurons where activity levels, Ca2+ channel properties, and transmitter releasing properties can be followed in identified neurons.
电压依赖性Ca2+通道在神经元结构和功能的调节中起着重要作用，因此受到了广泛关注。最近的研究开始描述其特性的多样性以及这种多样性与各种细胞功能之间的关系。特别是，Ca2+通道在去极化-分泌偶联中起着重要作用，在这种情况下，神经递质的释放对电压依赖性Ca2+电流的变化非常敏感。Ca2+通道的一个重要特征是它们受电活动的调节。去极化可以选择性地调节Ca2+通道类型的特性，从而塑造神经元对未来电活动的反应。在本文中，我们研究了在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物神经元中发现的Ca2+通道的多样性，以及它们通过膜电位和Ca2+内流进行的短期和长期调节。此外，我们还考虑了这种对Ca2+电流的活动依赖性调节在递质释放特性的发育和可塑性中所起的作用。在长期调节的研究中，我们重点关注甲壳类运动神经元，在这些神经元中，可以在已识别的神经元中跟踪活动水平、Ca2+通道特性和递质释放特性。
