Chazan R
Faculty of Psychotherapy, Tel Aviv University, West Jerusalem Mental Health Clinic, Israel.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1997;34(1):26-36.
Psychotherapists may be uncertain whether the morality of the patient is their concern. Philosophically, we can distinguish between two kinds of morality: relativistic and universal. Relativistic morality is concerned with the conventions of a particular society and is authoritarian in nature. Universal morality is common to all humanity and is innate and autonomous. We can identify the two kinds of morality in psychological theory, representing stages of development. Psychoanalysis may facilitate a movement from authoritarian (relativistic) to autonomous (universal) morality. I shall argue that universal morality is relevant in psychotherapy. On the other hand, the therapist might help patients to question and reconsider their adherence to conventional codes.
心理治疗师可能不确定患者的道德观念是否是他们所关心的。从哲学角度来看，我们可以区分两种道德：相对主义道德和普遍道德。相对主义道德关注特定社会的习俗，本质上具有权威性。普遍道德是全人类共有的，是天生且自主的。我们可以在心理理论中识别出这两种道德，它们代表着发展阶段。精神分析可能有助于从权威主义（相对主义）道德向自主（普遍）道德的转变。我将论证普遍道德在心理治疗中是相关的。另一方面，治疗师可能会帮助患者质疑并重新考虑他们对传统规范的坚持。
