Eimer M
Institut für Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
Psychophysiology. 1997 May;34(3):365-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02407.x.
In two experiments, I employed an alternative method for studying transient visual-spatial attention. Instead of using precues, attention was manipulated by presenting most stimuli sequentially at predictable locations. In Experiment 1, most stimuli appeared in a regular clockwise or counterclockwise order, but some were separated by one or both visual meridians from the expected location. In Experiment 2, most stimuli were presented successively along the horizontal meridian, and some stimuli were separated by one, two, or three positions from the expected location. Faster response times and larger posterior P1 and N1 components as well as enhanced negativities at midline electrodes were found for expected-location than for unexpected-location stimuli. These effects were partially modulated by the distance of unexpected stimuli from the current focus of attention, suggesting the existence of attentional gradients. Moreover, the data suggest that the direction of previous attentional shifts and the visual meridians play an important role for spatial attention.
在两项实验中，我采用了一种研究瞬态视觉空间注意力的替代方法。不是使用预线索，而是通过在可预测的位置依次呈现大多数刺激来操纵注意力。在实验1中，大多数刺激以顺时针或逆时针的规律顺序出现，但有些刺激与预期位置被一条或两条视觉子午线隔开。在实验2中，大多数刺激沿着水平子午线相继呈现，一些刺激与预期位置相隔一个、两个或三个位置。发现预期位置刺激的反应时间更快、后部P1和N1成分更大，以及中线电极处的负波增强，相比之下，意外位置刺激则不然。这些效应部分受到意外刺激与当前注意力焦点距离的调节，这表明存在注意力梯度。此外，数据表明先前注意力转移的方向和视觉子午线对空间注意力起着重要作用。
