Tilson H A, MacPhail R C, Crofton K M
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):401-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.96104s2401.
Increased emphasis on routine screening of chemicals for potential neurotoxicity has resulted in the development of testing guidelines and standardized procedures. A multiphased, tiered-testing strategy has been proposed by numerous expert panels to evaluate large numbers of chemicals. In a regulatory context, however, a formal tiered-testing approach is not used, mostly because of the constraints of differing regulatory authorities and the potential cost of such a testing strategy. Instead, current regulatory decision making utilizes all available animal and human data to identify a critical adverse effect which is then used for setting standards. Although the current decision-making process does not use a formal tiered-testing approach, it appears to identify chemicals with neurotoxic effects. An analysis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency integrated risk information system (IRIS) indicates that about 20% of the chemicals having standards or health advisories are based on neurotoxicity.
对化学品潜在神经毒性进行常规筛查的重视程度不断提高，促使了测试指南和标准化程序的制定。众多专家小组提出了一种多阶段、分层测试策略，以评估大量化学品。然而，在监管环境中，并未采用正式的分层测试方法，主要是因为不同监管机构的限制以及这种测试策略的潜在成本。相反，当前的监管决策利用所有可用的动物和人类数据来确定关键的不良反应，然后将其用于制定标准。尽管当前的决策过程未使用正式的分层测试方法，但它似乎能够识别出具有神经毒性作用的化学品。对美国环境保护局综合风险信息系统（IRIS）的分析表明，约20%设有标准或健康建议的化学品是基于神经毒性的。
