Cutler C W, Ghaffar K A
Dental Branch, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA.
J Periodontol. 1997 May;68(5):448-55. doi: 10.1902/jop.1997.68.5.448.
Unique hydroxyl ion-modulating compounds based on the amino acid glycine have been developed that possess both antimicrobial and pro-healing properties. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of one of these compounds, 8.5% (w/v) sodium N, N-bis-2 (hydroxylethyl) aminoacetate (SBHA) with 0.3% (w/v) NaOH (SBHAN) on ligature-induced gingival inflammation in the beagle dog. Fifteen purebred beagle dogs were subjected to a 14-day oral hygiene regimen, consisting of manual scaling and daily toothbrushing with plain pumice. Gingival inflammation was then initiated by tying ligatures around 12 study teeth per dog and by placing the dogs on water-softened dog chow. After 30 days, ligatures were removed, dogs were placed on a hard diet and randomly assigned to five treatment groups by the flip of two coins. The five treatments included: 1) distilled, pyrogen-free water; 2) 8.5% (w/v) SBHAN; 3) 4.3% (w/v) SBHAN; 4) 0.12% chlorhexidine; and 5) 8.5% SBHA (w/v) (SBHAN without added NaOH). Solutions were placed in opaque spray bottles to shield their identity from the examiner. Treatment consisted of a daily aerosol application of 2 ml of each solution in a calibrated spray bottle to the affected teeth. The following measures were taken from the dogs at baseline (after hygienic phase), 30 days after initiation of gingival inflammation (before ligature removal), and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after ligature removal: 1) plaque index (PI); 2) gingival index (GI); 3) probing depths (PD); 4) relative attachment levels (RAL); and 5) gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF). Analysis of subgingival plaque for anaerobic and aerobic colony forming units/ml was also performed at each time point. Gingival biopsies were performed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to quantify the inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICI). After ligature placement, increases were observed in PI, GI, PD, RAL, GCF, aerobic and anaerobic subgingival microbial counts, and ICI. After ligature removal, spontaneous resolution of gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation around the teeth of all dogs was observed with any treatment. Statistical analysis (Tukey's pairwise comparisons) of the mean PI, GI, PD, RAL, ICI, and GCF after 4 weeks of treatment with each agent, however, revealed that 8.5% SBHAN was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than water, 4.3% SBHAN, or 8.5% SBHA in reducing PI, GI, PD, and GCF, but not RAL or ICI. Moreover, 0.12% chlorhexidine was more effective than water, 4.3% SBHAN, or 8.5% SBHA at reducing GI, PD, and GCF, but not PI, RAL, or ICI. No adverse reactions to the SBHAN were observed visually or histologically in any of the dogs during the course of the investigation. These data suggest that further investigation in a larger study population of the potential of SBHAN as an anti-gingivitis compound is warranted.
已研发出基于氨基酸甘氨酸的独特的氢氧根离子调节化合物，其兼具抗菌和促进愈合的特性。本研究的目的是确定其中一种化合物，即8.5%（w/v）N，N-双-2（羟乙基）氨基乙酸钠（SBHA）与0.3%（w/v）氢氧化钠（SBHAN）对比格犬结扎诱导的牙龈炎症的影响。15只纯种比格犬接受为期14天的口腔卫生方案，包括手工洁治和每天用普通浮石刷牙。然后通过在每只犬的12颗研究牙齿周围系上结扎丝并给犬喂食水软化狗粮来引发牙龈炎症。30天后，移除结扎丝，给犬喂食硬质食物，并通过抛两枚硬币随机将其分为五个治疗组。五种治疗方法包括：1）蒸馏水、无热原水；2）8.5%（w/v）SBHAN；3）4.3%（w/v）SBHAN；4）0.12%洗必泰；5）8.5%SBHA（w/v）（不含添加氢氧化钠的SBHAN）。溶液置于不透明喷雾瓶中，以使检查者无法知晓其身份。治疗包括每天用校准喷雾瓶向患牙喷雾2毫升每种溶液。在基线（卫生阶段后）、牙龈炎症开始后30天（结扎丝移除前）以及结扎丝移除后2周和4周对犬进行以下测量：1）菌斑指数（PI）；2）牙龈指数（GI）；3）探诊深度（PD）；4）相对附着水平（RAL）；5）龈沟液量（GCF）。在每个时间点还对龈下菌斑进行厌氧菌和好氧菌菌落形成单位/毫升的分析。进行牙龈活检，切片并用苏木精和伊红染色以量化炎症细胞浸润（ICI）。放置结扎丝后，观察到PI、GI、PD、RAL、GCF、需氧和厌氧龈下微生物计数以及ICI增加。移除结扎丝后，观察到所有犬牙齿周围的牙龈炎症和菌斑堆积在任何治疗情况下均自发消退。然而，对每种药物治疗4周后的平均PI、GI、PD、RAL、ICI和GCF进行统计分析（Tukey成对比较）发现，8.5%SBHAN在降低PI、GI、PD和GCF方面显著（P<0.05）比水、4.3%SBHAN或8.5%SBHA更有效，但对RAL或ICI无效。此外，0.12%洗必泰在降低GI、PD和GCF方面比水、4.3%SBHAN或8.5%SBHA更有效，但对PI、RAL或ICI无效。在调查过程中，未在任何犬中观察到对SBHAN有视觉或组织学上的不良反应。这些数据表明，有必要在更大的研究群体中进一步研究SBHAN作为抗牙龈炎化合物的潜力。
