Mennella J A
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Jun;21(4):581-5.
Contrary to medical folklore, previous research has demonstrated that alcohol consumption by lactating women diminished milk intake by their infants during breast feeding. To determine whether this decrease in milk consumption was due to the infants responding to the altered flavor of the milk that also resulted, we evaluated the infants' intake and sucking responses to alcohol-flavored human milk outside of the context of breast feeding, thereby separating the changes due to the infants response to the flavor from any other changes that could also result from acute maternal alcohol consumption such as alterations in milk ejection or the composition of milk. The testing procedure consisted of a two-bottle preference test that was composed of four, 60-sec trials in which the mother's milk flavored with alcohol was alternated with the mother's milk alone in an ABBA or BAAB design. Attached to the nipple of each bottle was a transducer that responded to pressure changes produced by the infants' suckling. There was no suppression of sucking or intake in response to the ethanol-flavored milk. Rather, the infants consumed significantly more and sucked more frequently when drinking the alcohol-flavored milk compared with the unaltered milk. That experience with the flavor of alcohol in mothers' milk modified the infants' responses to alcohol flavor is suggested by the relationship between the reported frequency of mothers' drinking during lactation and the infants' rhythm and frequency of sucking when feeding the alcohol-flavored milk. These findings indicate that infants can readily detect the flavor of alcohol in mother's milk but that the decrease in consumption at the breast after maternal alcohol consumption is apparently not due to the infants rejecting the flavor of alcohol in their mothers' milk.
与医学常识相反，先前的研究表明，哺乳期妇女饮酒会减少婴儿在母乳喂养期间的奶量摄入。为了确定奶量减少是否是由于婴儿对同时产生的乳汁味道变化做出反应，我们在非母乳喂养的背景下评估了婴儿对酒精味母乳的摄入量和吸吮反应，从而将婴儿对味道的反应所导致的变化与急性母亲饮酒可能导致的任何其他变化（如乳汁排出或乳汁成分的改变）区分开来。测试程序包括一个两瓶偏好测试，该测试由四个60秒的试验组成，在ABBA或BAAB设计中，用酒精调味的母乳与未调味的母乳交替进行。每个奶瓶的奶嘴上都连接有一个传感器，用于响应婴儿吸吮产生的压力变化。对含乙醇的乳汁，婴儿的吸吮或摄入量没有受到抑制。相反，与未改变味道的乳汁相比，婴儿在饮用含酒精的乳汁时，摄入量显著增加，吸吮频率也更高。哺乳期母亲饮酒的报告频率与婴儿在饮用含酒精乳汁时的吸吮节奏和频率之间的关系表明，母乳中的酒精味道体验改变了婴儿对酒精味道的反应。这些发现表明，婴儿能够轻易检测到母乳中的酒精味道，但母亲饮酒后婴儿在乳房处摄入量的减少显然不是因为婴儿拒绝母乳中的酒精味道。
