Verfaellie M, Keane M M
Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.
Semin Neurol. 1997 Jun;17(2):153-61. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040925.
Information regarding the nature of phenomenal awareness in memory comes from a direct comparison of explicit and implicit memory tasks. Explicit memory tasks require conscious awareness of a prior episode, whereas implicit memory tasks do not. This paper reviews evidence regarding the neural basis of aware and unaware forms of memory as obtained from patient studies and functional neuroimaging work. These studies suggest the existence of a memory system centered in the medial temporal and frontal lobes that is dedicated to the storage and retrieval of episodes and several neocortical memory systems that are dedicated to the processing and representation of perceptual and semantic information. Different hypotheses are discussed as to how the phenomenal awareness that accompanies episodic memories may arise within the hippocampal-frontal memory system. These views have in common the notion that various forms of information need to be bound together to be retrievable as an aware memory, and that the hippocampus is critical to this binding function.
关于记忆中现象性意识本质的信息来自对显性和隐性记忆任务的直接比较。显性记忆任务需要对先前事件有有意识的觉知，而隐性记忆任务则不需要。本文综述了从患者研究和功能性神经成像工作中获得的关于有意识和无意识记忆形式的神经基础的证据。这些研究表明，存在一个以颞叶内侧和额叶为中心的记忆系统，专门用于情节的存储和检索，以及几个新皮质记忆系统，专门用于感知和语义信息的处理和表征。关于情景记忆所伴随的现象性意识如何在海马体-额叶记忆系统中产生，讨论了不同的假设。这些观点的共同之处在于，各种形式的信息需要结合在一起才能作为有意识的记忆被检索，并且海马体对这种结合功能至关重要。
