Natochin Iu V
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol. 1977 Sep-Oct;13(5):607-13.
In all of the vertebrates, beginning from the most primitive ones, an universal principle of structural, functional and chemical organization of the nephron is noted. The main trend of progressive evolution of kidney function (both in phylogenesis of vertebrates and ontogenesis of birds and mammals) is the increase of the intensity of filtration-reabsorption mechanism of urine formation. The development of secretory apparatus is considered as an adaptation to the conditions in which this mechanism is not sufficient to provide the necessary level of excretion. It is suggested that secretory mechanism is formed in close relation to cellular system of reabsorption of sodium and chloride. The presence in lamprey kidney of a loop which is similar to Henle's loop in mammals and birds indicates that the development of the system of osmotic concentration conditioned by the formation in the kidney of the medulla and from a sharp increase in renal arterial blood supply.
在所有脊椎动物中，从最原始的开始，就可以发现肾单位在结构、功能和化学组织方面的一个普遍原则。肾功能渐进性进化的主要趋势（在脊椎动物的系统发育以及鸟类和哺乳动物的个体发育中）是尿液形成的滤过 - 重吸收机制强度的增加。分泌装置的发展被认为是对这样一些条件的一种适应，在这些条件下，该机制不足以提供必要的排泄水平。有人提出，分泌机制是与钠和氯的重吸收细胞系统密切相关而形成的。七鳃鳗肾脏中存在一个类似于哺乳动物和鸟类亨氏袢的袢，这表明由肾髓质形成以及肾动脉血液供应急剧增加所调节的渗透浓缩系统的发展。
