McEwan A C, Simon S L, Baverstock K F, Trott K R, Sankaranarayanan K, Paretzke H G
National Radiation Laboratory, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Health Phys. 1997 Jul;73(1):265-9. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199707000-00023.
As a consequence of the U.S. Atomic Weapons Testing Program in the Trust Territory of the Pacific, now the Republic of the Marshall Islands, numerous scientists have advised the Marshallese on matters of radiation and radioactive contamination. Some of the previous advice has appeared to vary or conflict resulting in consequent uncertainty for the people. In a new initiative in 1989, the RMI Government engaged a five member multi-disciplinary Scientific Advisory Panel to oversee the assessment of, and to advise on, the radiological status of the entire nation. The formation of the Panel was accompanied by the establishment of a Resident Scientist position, and ultimately a small scientific team and laboratory on Majuro. The nationwide radiological study was conducted using ground survey methods over the period 1990-1994. Tasks undertaken by the Panel included formulating reasonable objectives for the study and attempting to establish effective communication and understanding of issues with political leaders and RMI Government agencies and people, as well as advising on and monitoring the scientific integrity of the study itself. The attempt was also made to initiate investigations to address matters of concern that emerged. The problem was faced of providing not only technical guidance on radioactivity and radiation measurements, but also explaining the significance of measured values and concepts, such as risk and probability of health effects to a diverse but nontechnical audience, generally across cultural and language barriers. The experience of the Panel in providing advice and guidance to the Republic of the Marshall Islands, while unique in many ways, parallels the difficulties experienced elsewhere in communicating information about risks from radiation exposure.
由于美国在太平洋托管地（现马绍尔群岛共和国）实施的原子武器试验计划，众多科学家就辐射及放射性污染问题向马绍尔人提供了建议。先前的一些建议似乎存在差异或相互冲突，给民众带来了不确定性。1989年，马绍尔群岛共和国政府发起了一项新举措，聘请了一个由五名成员组成的多学科科学咨询小组，以监督对全国放射状况的评估并提供相关建议。该小组的成立伴随着驻地科学家职位的设立，最终在马朱罗组建了一个小型科学团队和实验室。1990年至1994年期间，利用地面调查方法开展了全国性放射学研究。该小组承担的任务包括为研究制定合理目标，试图与政治领导人、马绍尔群岛共和国政府机构及民众就相关问题建立有效的沟通和理解，以及就研究本身的科学完整性提供建议和进行监督。还尝试开展调查以解决出现的令人关切的问题。面临的问题不仅是提供有关放射性和辐射测量的技术指导，还要向不同但非专业的受众，通常是跨越文化和语言障碍，解释测量值和概念的意义，例如健康影响的风险和概率。该小组在向马绍尔群岛共和国提供建议和指导方面的经验，虽然在许多方面具有独特性，但与其他地方在传达辐射暴露风险信息时所遇到的困难类似。
