Iida J, Sakiyama S, Iwasaka H, Hirao F, Hashino K, Kawabata Y, Ikawa G
Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996 Aug;50(4):185-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb02740.x.
Twenty-three patients with Tourette's disorder (13 with obsessive-compulsive symptoms [OCS] and 10 without) were comparatively investigated. In contrast to OCS-free Tourette's disorder patients, those with OCS were found to be characterized by (i) a higher incidence of volatile temper, (ii) a higher incidence of compulsive tics, (iii) a higher incidence of perinatal disorders and brain wave abnormalities, (iv) a higher severity as rated using the Severity Scale, and (v) a higher prevalence of complications, especially of developmental disorders. Of the subjects with OCS-accompanied Tourette's disorder, approximately half had developed OCS by the onset of tics. These findings suggest the likelihood that OCS-accompanied Tourette's disorder is more strongly associated with organic cerebral disorders, independently of sites of tic disorders, than is OCS-free Tourette's disorder.
