Kurbat M A
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 1997 Jun;35(6):813-27. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00128-5.
Brain damage sometimes impairs recognition of living things relative to nonliving things. One interpretation of this dissociation is that recognition of living things depends on specialized mechanisms not used for the recognition of nonliving things; another is that patients have damage to a general purpose system, and recognition of living things taxes this system more heavily. Farah et al., (Neuropsychologia, Vol. 29, pp. 185-193, 1991 [7]) found that a set of general factors did not account for patients' impaired recognition of living things; thus they favored the specialized mechanisms account. The current paper builds on Ref. [7] in two ways. First, other research suggests a number of additional factors that might account for the results in Ref. [7] but were not tested there. Second, statistical methods in Ref. [7] may have implicitly favored the conclusion obtained there, so we use more conservative methods. The current work accounts for all these things, and finds that recognition of living things is still disproportionately impaired.
脑损伤有时会削弱对生物相对于非生物的识别能力。对于这种分离现象的一种解释是，对生物的识别依赖于专门用于识别非生物的机制；另一种解释是，患者的通用系统受到了损伤，而对生物的识别对该系统的负担更重。法拉等人（《神经心理学》，第29卷，第185 - 193页，1991年[7]）发现，一组通用因素并不能解释患者对生物识别受损的情况；因此他们支持专门机制的观点。本文在两个方面基于参考文献[7]展开。首先，其他研究表明了一些可能解释参考文献[7]结果但未在那里进行测试的额外因素。其次，参考文献[7]中的统计方法可能暗中支持了在那里得出的结论，所以我们使用更保守的方法。当前的研究考虑了所有这些因素，并发现对生物的识别仍然受到不成比例的损害。
