Langworth S, Sällsten G, Barregård L, Cynkier I, Lind M L, Söderman E
Department of Occupational Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
J Dent Res. 1997 Jul;76(7):1397-404. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760071001.
Possible adverse effects of mercury exposure in dentistry have been discussed in several studies. The objective of the present study was to carry out detailed measurements of mercury exposure in the dental profession in Sweden, and to search for adverse health effects from such exposure. We examined 22 dentists and 22 dental nurses, working in teams, at six Swedish dental clinics. Measurements of air mercury, performed with personal, active air samplers, showed a median air Hg of 1.8 micrograms/m3 for the dentists, and 2.1 micrograms/m3 for the dental nurses. Spot measurements with a direct reading instrument displayed temporarily elevated air Hg, especially during the preparation and application of amalgam. The average concentration of mercury in whole blood (B-Hg) was 18 nmol/L, in plasma (P-Hg) 5.1 nmol/L, and in urine (U-Hg) 3.0 nmol/mmol creatinine. Possible effects on the central nervous system (CNS) were registered with three questionnaires: Q16, Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the Profile of Mood Scales (POMS). In the Q16, the number of symptoms was statistically significantly higher in the dentistry group compared with an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 44). The urinary excretion of albumin and urinary activity of the tubular enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucose-aminidase (NAG) did not differ between the two groups. The results confirm that exposure to mercury in the dental profession in Sweden is low. The air Hg levels were mainly influenced by the method of amalgam preparation and inserting, and by the method of air evacuation during drilling and polishing.
多项研究探讨了牙科领域汞暴露可能产生的不良影响。本研究的目的是对瑞典牙科行业的汞暴露情况进行详细测量，并探寻此类暴露对健康的不良影响。我们在瑞典的六家牙科诊所对22名牙医和22名牙科护士进行了分组检查。使用个人主动式空气采样器对空气中的汞进行测量，结果显示，牙医组空气中汞的中位数为1.8微克/立方米，牙科护士组为2.1微克/立方米。使用直读仪器进行的现场测量显示，空气中汞含量会暂时升高，尤其是在汞合金制备和应用过程中。全血汞（B-Hg）的平均浓度为18纳摩尔/升，血浆汞（P-Hg）为5.1纳摩尔/升，尿汞（U-Hg）为3.0纳摩尔/毫摩尔肌酐。通过三份问卷对中枢神经系统（CNS）可能产生的影响进行了记录：Q16问卷、艾森克人格问卷（EPI）和情绪状态量表（POMS）。在Q16问卷中，与年龄和性别匹配的对照组（n = 44）相比，牙科组的症状数量在统计学上显著更高。两组之间白蛋白的尿排泄量和肾小管酶N-乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的尿活性没有差异。结果证实，瑞典牙科行业的汞暴露水平较低。空气中汞含量主要受汞合金制备和填充方法以及钻孔和抛光过程中的空气抽吸方法影响。
