Peillon F, Le Dafniet M, Pagesy P, Croissandeau G, Schussler N, Joubert D, Li J Y
INSERM U223, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1997;58(1):31-8.
The hypothalamus is the source of neuropeptides which, being secreted into the portal system, control the synthesis and the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones. Besides the well characterized hypothalamic central control and the hormonal peripheral control, recent studies have shown, in the anterior pituitary, the expression, among many other regulatory factors, of neuropeptides that are identical to those produced by the hypothalamus and that seem involved in the local control of anterior pituitary functions through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. The presence of the neuropeptide mRNAs, precursors and mature forms of the peptides in anterior pituitary tissues as well as the secretion of the mature peptides argue in favor of the intrinsic ability of the normal and tumoral anterior pituitary to express neuropeptides. This expression of neuropeptides occurring in tissues bearing functional receptors for these ligands, anterior pituitary control could rely, at least in part, on endogenous neuropeptides acting locally. Correlations between neuropeptide contents in the anterior pituitary and the plasma levels of anterior pituitary hormones suggest that neuropeptides of anterior pituitary origin can play a local regulatory role, complementary of the classical hypothalamic central control. In the normal anterior pituitary which remains under hypothalamic control, it is presently difficult to evaluate the relative importance of the local and central control. However, anterior pituitary hyperplasia and pituitary tumors represent two models in which the specific contribution of the local control is easier to define.
下丘脑是神经肽的来源，这些神经肽分泌到门脉系统中，控制腺垂体激素的合成和分泌。除了已被充分表征的下丘脑中央控制和激素外周控制外，最近的研究表明，在腺垂体中，除了许多其他调节因子外，还表达与下丘脑产生的神经肽相同的神经肽，这些神经肽似乎通过自分泌或旁分泌机制参与腺垂体功能的局部控制。腺垂体组织中神经肽mRNA、肽前体和成熟形式的存在以及成熟肽的分泌支持正常和肿瘤性腺垂体表达神经肽的内在能力。这种神经肽的表达发生在对这些配体具有功能性受体的组织中，腺垂体的控制可能至少部分依赖于局部作用的内源性神经肽。腺垂体中神经肽含量与腺垂体激素血浆水平之间的相关性表明，腺垂体来源的神经肽可以发挥局部调节作用，作为经典下丘脑中央控制的补充。在仍受下丘脑控制的正常腺垂体中，目前很难评估局部控制和中央控制的相对重要性。然而，腺垂体增生和垂体肿瘤代表了两种模型，在这两种模型中，局部控制的具体贡献更容易确定。
