Gu G B, Simerly R B
Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006, USA.
J Comp Neurol. 1997 Jul 21;384(1):142-64.
The anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (AVPV) is a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic region that appears to be a nodal point in forebrain circuits, mediating hormonal feedback on gonadotropin secretion. The results of anterograde transport experiments indicate that the AVPV sends ascending projections to the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, the parastrial nucleus, and the region adjacent to the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) that contains a subpopulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-containing neurons. The majority of projections from the AVPV pass caudally through the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus and form dense terminal fields in the periventricular nuclei, parvicellular parts of the paraventricular nucleus, and in the arcuate nucleus. Inputs to medial zone nuclei are more limited, with substantial projections to only the medial preoptic and dorsomedial nuclei. The AVPV sends few projections to the caudal brainstem, but terminals were observed reliably in the periaqueductal gray and medial part of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Anterograde double-labeling experiments demonstrate terminals derived from neurons in the AVPV in close apposition to GnRH-containing neurons in the preoptic region, and to dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Thus, the organization of projections from the AVPV in female rats suggests that neurons in this nucleus may influence the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin through direct projections to GnRH neurons and tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.
下丘脑室旁前腹侧核（AVPV）是视前区的一个性别双态核，似乎是前脑回路中的一个节点，介导对促性腺激素分泌的激素反馈。顺行运输实验结果表明，AVPV向外侧隔核腹侧部分、旁星形核以及终板血管器（OVLT）附近区域发出上行投射，该区域包含一群含促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的神经元。来自AVPV的大多数投射向尾侧穿过下丘脑的室周区，并在室周核、室旁核小细胞部和弓状核形成密集的终末场。向内侧区核的输入更有限，仅大量投射到内侧视前核和背内侧核。AVPV向尾侧脑干发出的投射很少，但在导水管周围灰质和孤束核内侧部分可可靠地观察到终末。顺行双标记实验表明，来自AVPV神经元的终末与视前区含GnRH的神经元以及弓状核中的多巴胺能神经元紧密相邻。因此，雌性大鼠中AVPV投射的组织方式表明，该核中的神经元可能通过直接投射到GnRH神经元和结节漏斗多巴胺能神经元来影响黄体生成素和催乳素的分泌。
