Supraclavicular lymph node metastases (SLM) from breast cancer as only site of distant disease: has radiotherapy any role?

BACKGROUND

Supraclavicular lymph node metastases (SLM) as the only site of metastatic disease from breast cancer is a rare and a poor prognostic event. In order to evaluate the role of Radiotherapy (RT) with "radical dose" to the supraclavicular fossa, we carried out a non randomized clinical trial comparing systemic therapy alone to integrated and aggressive treatment (systemic therapy plus radiotherapy). The primary end-point was time to progression (TTP). The second end-point was the overall survival (OS).

METHODS

From 1/1/1989 to 31/12/1994 37 patients (with or without the presence of locoregional disease) were enrolled into two arms, of the study, but were allowed, when giving their consent, to change the arm of the study which they had been originally allotted to. Arm A, 18 patients, 15 evaluable: chemo +/- hormonotherapy for 6 courses; after the second course, if local progression disease was present, the pts. were submitted to RT and removed from the study (3 patients). Arm B, 19 patients all evaluable: chemo +/- hormonotherapy for 3 courses followed by RT with "radical" dose. Results were analyzed on 30/11/1995 and no interim analysis was performed. The potential median follow up for all patients was 56.5 months (range 11-83 months): for Arm A 61 months (range: 12-82); for Arm B 53 months (range: 11-83). The two groups were homogeneous and balanced, without statistical differences.

RESULTS

Median TTP was 12.5 months in Arm A and 19.5 months in Arm B (p = 0.064). Median overall survival (OS) was 27.5 months in Arm A and 48 months in Arm B. T-status to the time of the diagnosis was found to be independent prognostic factor for TTP (p = 0.0029). Disease-free interval from diagnosis to recurrence was found to be a significant prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION

The results in Arm B demonstrated the opportunity of a long term control in this subset of patients. Therefore we suggest the start of a wider multicenter study in order to define the biological significance of SLM, its importance in staging breast cancer and to consider the optimum treatment.