Callaway T R, Carneiro De Melo A M, Russell J B
Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Curr Microbiol. 1997 Aug;35(2):90-6. doi: 10.1007/s002849900218.
When mixed ruminal bacteria and alfalfa were incubated in vitro, monensin and nisin both inhibited methane production so long as the concentrations were greater than 1 microM. Monensin- and nisin-dependent methane depressions caused a decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio (4.5 to 3.0). Total volatile fatty acid production was decreased by both monensin and nisin addition at concentrations greater than 2 microM. Starch-digesting ruminal bacteria were initially inhibited by monensin and nisin, but this effect disappeared after two to four transfers. Nisin always inhibited cellulolytic bacteria, but the nisin-dependent inhibition of cellulose digestion was no greater than the inhibition caused by monensin. Monensin and nisin also inhibited amino acid degradation, and nisin was more effective than monensin in controlling the growth of Clostridium aminophilum, an obligate amino acid-fermenting ruminal bacterium that can tolerate low concentrations of monensin. Because nisin was as potent as monensin, bacteriocins such as nisin may have potential as feed additives.
当瘤胃混合细菌和苜蓿在体外培养时，只要莫能菌素和乳链菌肽的浓度大于1微摩尔，它们都能抑制甲烷的产生。莫能菌素和乳链菌肽引起的甲烷产量降低导致乙酸与丙酸的比例下降（从4.5降至3.0）。当浓度大于2微摩尔时，添加莫能菌素和乳链菌肽都会使总挥发性脂肪酸的产量降低。淀粉消化瘤胃细菌最初受到莫能菌素和乳链菌肽的抑制，但经过两到四次传代后这种抑制作用消失。乳链菌肽始终抑制纤维素分解菌，但乳链菌肽对纤维素消化的抑制作用并不比莫能菌素引起的抑制作用更强。莫能菌素和乳链菌肽还抑制氨基酸降解，在控制嗜氨基梭菌（一种专性氨基酸发酵瘤胃细菌，能耐受低浓度莫能菌素）的生长方面，乳链菌肽比莫能菌素更有效。由于乳链菌肽与莫能菌素效力相当，像乳链菌肽这样的细菌素可能有作为饲料添加剂的潜力。
