Wilhelm F H, Roth W T
Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 1997 May-Jun;11(3):241-61. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00009-1.
Sixty-six subjects with severe fear of flying were recruited by advertisement and compared to 21 controls without flying fears. Subjects were interviewed and given several questionnaires to determine DSM-III-R diagnoses, history of flying, and development and course of flying phobia. Our phobic sample had a mean age of 46 and was 89% female. Diagnostically, 27% met criteria for current Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia, and 17% criteria for that diagnosis in the past. These two groups were more concerned with internal or social anxiety stimuli during flight than the group who had never had panic attacks but met criteria for Simple Phobia (flying). All three groups were equally concerned about external dangers. Traumatic flight events were common in phobics and controls, but phobics reported reacting to these events more strongly. Our results suggest a vulnerability-stress model with several vulnerability factors, including cognitive ones. Treatment implications are discussed.
通过广告招募了66名患有严重飞行恐惧症的受试者，并与21名无飞行恐惧的对照组进行比较。对受试者进行了访谈，并给予他们几份问卷，以确定DSM-III-R诊断、飞行史以及飞行恐惧症的发展过程。我们的恐惧症样本平均年龄为46岁，89%为女性。在诊断方面，27%符合当前伴有广场恐惧症的惊恐障碍标准，17%过去符合该诊断标准。与从未有过惊恐发作但符合单纯恐惧症（飞行）标准的组相比，这两组在飞行过程中更关注内部或社交焦虑刺激。所有三组对外部危险的关注程度相同。创伤性飞行事件在恐惧症患者和对照组中都很常见，但恐惧症患者报告对这些事件的反应更强烈。我们的结果提示了一个具有多种易患因素（包括认知因素）的易感性-应激模型。文中讨论了治疗意义。
