Osava R H, Tanaka A C
Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Espírito Santo.
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 1997 Apr;31(1):96-108. doi: 10.1590/s0080-62341997000100008.
The course of childbirth care practice in England and in the United States of America can be described by focusing on the relationship between the incipient nursing profession and the traditional profession of midwife, throughout the XVIIIth and the XIXth centuries. This paper proposes the study of such a relationship by adopting the Greek mythology goddesses as archetypical figures of female behavior. It relates the nurse to the goddess Athena, protector of the arts, the cities, the patriarchal values, the status quo-the personification of the father's daughter archetype-and the traditional midwife to Artemis, goddess of the hunt and the moon, protector of the wilderness, the weak, and the young-the personification of the great sister archetype. Under such a perspective, it deals with the decline of the traditional midwife practice in those countries. Finally, it poses the question of the obstetrics nursing pattern as something to be constituted in conformity and in complicity with the women's organized movement and their claims in the field of health.
通过关注18世纪和19世纪初新兴护理行业与传统助产士职业之间的关系，可以描述英国和美国的分娩护理实践历程。本文建议通过采用希腊神话中的女神作为女性行为的典型人物来研究这种关系。它将护士与艺术、城市、父权价值观、现状的保护神——父亲女儿原型的化身——雅典娜女神联系起来，将传统助产士与狩猎和月亮女神、荒野、弱者和年轻人的保护神——伟大姐姐原型的化身——阿尔忒弥斯联系起来。从这样的角度出发，它探讨了这些国家传统助产士实践的衰落。最后，它提出了产科护理模式的问题，即如何与妇女有组织的运动及其在健康领域的诉求保持一致并相互协作来构建。
