Legato M J
Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1997 May-Jun;42(3):184-97.
Obesity, an increasingly prevalent and difficult-to-treat condition in the United States, affects more women than men. The distribution of body fat differs in the genders, with women carrying more fat "on" their frames and men more likely to exhibit central obesity, carrying weight "within" their frames. Changes in body distribution of fat occur with reproductive cycling and childbearing in women. Obesity in females can have important consequences for fertility, and menopause is accompanied by a significant increase in the waist-hip ratio in females, an important factor in raising their risk for coronary artery disease. Dieting and exercise have different consequences in the two genders: men, unlike women, maintain HDL levels and lose central obesity simply by dieting, while women require exercise in addition to restricted caloric intake to produce the same effects. Recent advances in elucidating the molecular pathobiology of obesity have not yet been examined with respect to gender. With very few exceptions, this is also true of studies examining the usefulness of anorexics in initiating and maintaining weight loss. More gender-specific information is required in these two last, newer areas of obesity-related investigation.
肥胖在美国是一种日益普遍且难以治疗的病症，女性患者多于男性。身体脂肪的分布在性别上存在差异，女性的脂肪更多地堆积在身体框架“之上”，而男性则更易出现中心性肥胖，脂肪堆积在身体框架“之内”。女性身体脂肪分布会随着生殖周期和生育而发生变化。女性肥胖会对生育产生重要影响，并且绝经伴随着女性腰臀比显著增加，这是增加其患冠状动脉疾病风险的一个重要因素。节食和运动在两种性别中会产生不同的结果：与女性不同，男性仅通过节食就能维持高密度脂蛋白水平并减少中心性肥胖，而女性除了限制热量摄入外还需要运动才能产生相同效果。在阐明肥胖分子病理生物学方面的最新进展尚未针对性别进行研究。除了极少数例外情况，在研究厌食药在启动和维持体重减轻方面的效用时也是如此。在肥胖相关研究的这两个最新领域中，需要更多针对性别的信息。
